Module 6

Learning Mental
Disabilities Retardation

Sensory
Impairments
EXCEPTIONALITIES

Emotional and
Behavioral
Disorder
Physical Disabilities
and Health
Autism
Impairments
 Measurable impairment or limitation that
interferes with a person’s ability. It may refer to
a physical, sensory or mental condition.
 Is a disadvantage that occurs as a result of a
disability or impairment.
 Learning Disabilities
-involves difficulties in specific cognitive processes. Like
dyslexia (reading), dyscalculia (number operations) and dysgraphia
(writing).

 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

1. Difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention.
2. Recurrent hyperactive and impulsive behavior.

 Speech and communication disorder

- difficulties in spoken language like voice disorders, inability
to produce the sounds correctly, stuttering.
 Autism
- It is a condition manifested by different levels of impaired
social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors
and limited interests.

 Mental Retardation
- It refers to significant sub-average intelligence and deficits in
adaptive behavior.

 Emotional/Conduct Disorder
- This involves the presence of emotional states
 Physical and Health Impairments
- This involves physical or medical conditions including one
or more of these:
- 1. Limited energy and strength
- 2. Reduced mental alertness
- 3. Little muscle control

 Severe and Multiple Disabilities

- This refers to the presence of two or more different type of
disability, at times at a profound level
 Sensory Impairments
 Visual Impairments
- These involves malfunction of the eyes.
 Hearing Impairments
- These involves malfunction of the ear.

 Giftedness
- This involves a significantly high level of cognition
development.
 What is People-First Language?
-putting the person first, not the disability.

Ex.
“a person with disability”, not a “disabled person”

“person with AIDS”, rather than “AIDS victim”

Other suggestions for referring to those with disabilities
includes:
 Avoiding generic labels
- People with mental retardation is preferable to the mentally
retarded.
 Emphasizing abilities, not limitations
- Uses a wheelchair is preferable to confined to a wheelchair.
 Avoid euphemism
- physically-challenged
 Avoiding implying illness or suffering
- had polio is preferable to is a polio victim
- has multiple sclerosis (MS) is preferable to suffers from
multiple sclerosis
Prepared by:
A. S. Abella