Ammonia and Its Salts

PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA
USES OF AMMONIA
MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA

Proudly done by :
Muhamad Aqmal Awalludin,Calvin Jiksing,Siti Nabihah Mohamad Rozy. 4 Intelek 2010
 Group Members

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Prepared by : Calvin Jiksing

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Uses of Ammonia

Making of Manufacture Revive fainted

fertilisers nitric acid people

Electrolyte in Synthetic Making of

dry cells fibres explosives

Prevent
Cooling agent
coagulation

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Uses of Ammonia
To manufacture nitrogenous As raw material for the
fertiliser needed for plant manufacture of nitric acid.
growth.
 The nitrogenous fertilisers  Ammonia is used to make
are actually ammonium nitric acid through
salts obtained from Ostwald process.
neutralisation of ammonia
with different acids.
 These fertilisers include :
(a)Ammonium phosphate
(b)Ammonium nitrate
(c)Ammonium sulphate
(d)Urea

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Uses of Ammonia

As a cooling agent in To prevent coagulation of

refrigerators. latex.

 Liquid ammonia is used  Ammonia can neutralise

as cooling agent in the acid produced by
refrigerator because bacteria in the latex, thus
ammonia is highly preventing latex from
compressible and has a coagulating and can be
high heat capacity. exported in the liquid
form.

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Prepared by : Muhamad Aqmal bin Awalludin

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Ammonia?

has a pungent
is alkaline is a colourless gas
smell

burns in oxygen
is less dense than is very soluble in
gas, O2 but not in
air water
the air

gives a white fune

when reacted with
hydrogen chloride
gas, HCl.

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Properties of Ammonia

• Ammonia is very soluble in water, but it ionises partially in water to form a weak alkali.
• Ammonia being alkaline can undergo neutralisation with acids to form ammonium salts.

Ammonia neutralises sulphuric acid

to form ammonium sulphate.

• 2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form

dense white fumes of ammonium chloride. This is used as a test
for detecting ammonia gas.

• NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH2Cl(s)

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
 Prepared by : Siti Nabihah binti Mohamad Rozy

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

How was the Ammonia being manufactured?

through
Haber Process.

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Haber Process

 Was invented in
1918 by a Noble
Prize winner, Fritz
Haber (1868-1934).
 This reaction makes
ammonia out of
hydrogen and
nitrogen.
 The nitrogen comes
from the air (78% N).

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 The Haber Process

 The Haber process is a reversible reaction.

 A reversible reaction is one where the products of
the reaction can themselves react to produce the
original reactants.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)

Heat of reaction = -92 kJ mo1-1

The conditions below are needed in

manufacturing Ammonia.
• Temperature : 450˚C
• Pressure : 200 atm
• Catalyst : Iron

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <----> 2NH3 (g)

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Haber Process – Manufacture of Ammonia

Figure above shows the manufacture of ammonia, NH3 through the Haber Process

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

 Air Nitrogen Hydrogen Natural Gas

• The mixture is compressed to about 200 atm and

heated to about 450˚C.

• The mixture of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is passed

over a catalyst which is Iron. Some ammonia is
formed. The unreacted
Nitrogen and
Hydrogen are
• About 10% of the mixture of gases leaving the recycled.
catalyst chamber is ammonia. When the mixture
is cooled, the ammonia turns into a liquid.

Liquid Ammonia !

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

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Key facts

1. H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio

2. Because the reaction is reversible not all the nitrogen and
hydrogen will convert to ammonia.
3. The ammonia forms as a gas but cools and liquefies in the
condenser
4. The H and N which do not react are passed through the
system again so they are not wasted.

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan