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 What is a Tissue?
 “Layers or groups of SIMILAR cells with a
COMMON function.”

 A group of closely associated cells that perform

related functions and are similar in structure.
Types of tissues
1) PLANT TISSUES
TYPE OF TISSUES CONTD…
2).ANIMAL TISSUES

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
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TYPES OF SIMPLE TISSUES
TYPES OF COMPLEX TISSUES
 MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
Nature-cells of meristems divide continuously & help in increasing the length
girth of the plant. These cells show the following characteristics:
1. The cells of meristematic tissue are similar in structure & have thin cellulose
cell walls.
2. The meristematic cells may be spherical,oval,polygonal or rectangular in
shape.
3. The meristematic cells are compactly arranged & do not contain any
intercellular space between them.
4. Each meristematic cell contains dense or abundant cytoplasm & a single large
nucleus.
5. The meristematic cells contain few vacuoles or no vacuoles at all.

Occurrence-Meristematic tissues are growth tissues & are found in those

regions of the plant that grow. According to their position in the plant,
meristems are apical, lateral & intercalary.

Function-the main function of meristematic tissue is to continuously form a

number of new cells.
 PERMANENT TISSUE
 These tissues derived from the meristematic tissues but their cells
have lost the power of division & have attained their definite
forms.Permanent tissues are classified into two-simple & complex.
 Simple permanent tissue-these tissues are composed of cells which
are structurally & functionally similar.Thus,these tissues are all made
of one type of cells.They are of three types-
I. Parenchyma
II. Collenchyma
III. Sclerenchyma
Complex permanent tissue-the complex tissues consist of more than
one type of cells.All these co-ordinate to perform a common
function.Complex tissues transport water,mineral salts(nutrients) &
food material to various parts of plant body.Complex tissues are of
following two types :
I. Xylem or wood
II. Phloem or bast
Xylem & phloem are both conducting tissues & also known as vascular
tissues;together both of them constitute vascular bundles.
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 Epithelial
 Lines, covers, and protects other tissues and
organs.
 Characterized by:
 Cells tightly junked together
 The presence of a cell secretion called the
basement membrane.
 Named by:
 Cell shape
 Other characteristics of the cells.
 Squamous, Cuboidal, and Columnar
 Connective Tissue
 Characterized by the cells widely separated
from each other in a matrix that is produced by
the cells.
 Tissue protects and supports.
 Cell Matrix composed of two regions
 Ground
 Liquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid
 Fibers
 Non-elastic (= white or Collagen)
 Elastic (= yellow fibers)
 Types of Connective tissue
 Muscle Tissue
 Tissue with cells having fibers specialized for contraction.
 Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary)
 Parallel elongated cells (fibers)
 multinucleated and each cell is the length of the muscle.
 Light meat, Dark meat—Slow twitch, fast twitch muscle
 Smooth Muscle (Visceral, involuntary)
 Cells are long and tapered.
 Organized into sheets of muscle.
 Cardiac Muscle
 Intercalated disc
 Myogenic
 branched
 Nervous Tissue
 Cells specialized to polarize and
depolarize.
 Cell is a neuron