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States of Matter
Revised 03/21/2016
What is matter?
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space.
What do you know about matter?
Solids Gases
Liquids Plasma
Solids
• Solids have definite shape
and definite volume.
• Solids have mass.
• Solids take up space.
Particles in Solids:
• Are packed tightly together
• Vibrate in place
Liquids
• Lightning is a plasma.
• Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.
• Plasma is a lot like a gas,
but the particles are
electrically charged.
Particles in Plasma:
• Are electrically
charged
• Have EXTREMELY
high energy levels
Changes in State of Matter
Kinetic Theory of Matter
• The properties of the states of matter are
explained by this theory which states:
– All matter is made up of molecules.
– The molecules are in constant motion.
– The higher the temperature, the faster the
motion
– The motion and the spacing of these molecules
determines the state of the matter.
PHASE CHANGE GRAPH
• AB represents
a solid Gas
• CD represents
a liquid
Liquid
• EF represents a
Solid
gas
We also developed models for each state of matter.
The molecules in a
gas have so much
In solids, molecules
energy that the
move back and forth, but
forces between them
do not change positions
can be ignored. As a
because forces hold Molecules of a liquid have enough result the molecules
them in fixed positions energy so the forces between them move in straight
cannot hold them in fixed positions. lines, flying all over.
The molecules are free to slip past
each other.
Thermal energy (heat) is added during a change of
state. This Thermal Energy is used to overcome the
forces of attraction between the particles
Heat coming in
Heat coming in
Melting point (BC)
Lets take a look at the phase change from ice
(solid) to water (liquid).
Melting
Energy was introduced form the surrounding air in the room and the
table (that it may be sitting on). Both of which at room temperature.
A higher temperature than the ice water.
Vaporization (DE)