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States of Matter and Changes in

States of Matter
Revised 03/21/2016
What is matter?
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space.
What do you know about matter?

Solids Gases
Liquids Plasma
Solids
• Solids have definite shape
and definite volume.
• Solids have mass.
• Solids take up space.
Particles in Solids:
• Are packed tightly together

• Have very little energy

• Vibrate in place
Liquids

• Liquids take the shape of


their container and have
definite volume.
• Liquids have mass.
• Liquids take up space.
Particles in Liquids:
• Are loosely packed

• Have medium energy


levels

• Particles flow around


each other
Gases

• Gases spread out to fill


the entire space given
and do not have
definite volume.
• Gases have mass.
• Gases take up space.
Particles in Gases:
• Move freely

• Have LOTS of energy


Plasma

• Lightning is a plasma.
• Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.
• Plasma is a lot like a gas,
but the particles are
electrically charged.
Particles in Plasma:
• Are electrically
charged

• Have EXTREMELY
high energy levels
Changes in State of Matter
Kinetic Theory of Matter
• The properties of the states of matter are
explained by this theory which states:
– All matter is made up of molecules.
– The molecules are in constant motion.
– The higher the temperature, the faster the
motion
– The motion and the spacing of these molecules
determines the state of the matter.
PHASE CHANGE GRAPH
• AB represents
a solid Gas
• CD represents
a liquid
Liquid
• EF represents a
Solid
gas
We also developed models for each state of matter.

The molecules in a
gas have so much
In solids, molecules
energy that the
move back and forth, but
forces between them
do not change positions
can be ignored. As a
because forces hold Molecules of a liquid have enough result the molecules
them in fixed positions energy so the forces between them move in straight
cannot hold them in fixed positions. lines, flying all over.
The molecules are free to slip past
each other.
Thermal energy (heat) is added during a change of
state. This Thermal Energy is used to overcome the
forces of attraction between the particles

Heat coming in

Heat coming in
Melting point (BC)
Lets take a look at the phase change from ice
(solid) to water (liquid).

Melting

What caused the melting to occur?

Energy was introduced form the surrounding air in the room and the
table (that it may be sitting on). Both of which at room temperature.
A higher temperature than the ice water.
Vaporization (DE)

Also known as boiling point


Vaporization
Evaporation Boiling

Energy is introduced Energy is introduced


by an outside source by an outside source
and causes only the and causes the
molecule on the molecules inside and
surface to gain energy on the surface to gain
and change into a gas energy and change
into a gas
Condensation (ED)
Condensation

Condensation occurs when gas particles


lose enough thermal energy to become
a liquid.
Freezing (CB)
Freezing

The reverse of melting, freezing occurs


when liquid molecules lose enough
energy to slow down and crystalize into
fixed positions.
Sublimation
• Sublimation occurs when the surface of the
particles of a solid gain enough thermal
energy to become a gas. This process happens
while skipping the liquid state entirely
Penguin Randomness

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