Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Organization
and Signal
Words
Allied Health Textbook
Reading Strategy
Warm-up:
Readand Annotate the selections
on Glucose Test and Blood Smear.
Remember:
1. Underline important details
2. {Bracket main idea}
3. Write key words in the margin to help
you remember what you underlined.
These are visual notes: Mapping
annotation
MAPPING
How to make a good
blood smear.
Acceptable
Unacceptable
Lets
take a closer look at these patterns
and their signal words
Simple Listing
Itemsare listed in a series of major details
or facts
Details
are of equal importance, and the
order of the details does not matter
Signal Words for Simple Listing
First,
Second,
Also,
In addition
Another
In addition
Furthermore
Example of Simple Listing
p. 179 EMT text
A partially obstructed airway can often be
identified by the sounds of limited air
movement. Understanding these sounds can
help you better understand the
pathophysiology of the obstruction. Stridor is
typically caused by severely obstructed air
movement in the upper airway. As air is
forced by pressure through a partial
obstruction, a high pitched almost whistling
sound can sometimes be heard. Typically
stridor indicates a severely narrowed
passageway of air and suggests near
obstruction. In stridor the obstruction can be
a foreign body such as a toy or or it can be
caused by swelling of the upper airway tissue
as in infection. Next, the development of
Simple Listing (continued)
For example, in a person whose airway is
swelling after a burn, you may note a normal
voice to begin with, but a raspy voice as
swelling builds up around the vocal cord.
Also, snoring is the sound of the soft tissue of
the upper airway creating an impedance (or
partial obstruction) to the flow of air. Many
persons normally snore while asleep, but
snoring in the case of injury or illness can
often indicate a decrease in mental status
such as airway muscle tone is diminished. It is
also an indication that the airway needs to
stay open. Gurgling is the sound of fluid
obstructing the airway. As air is forced
through the liquid, the gurgling sound is
made. Common liquid obstructions include
vomit, blood and other airway secretions.
Gurgling is a sign that immediate suctioning is
necessary.
practice
Whatwould be a good title for this
passage?
List of Details
Stridor, Hoarseness, Snoring, Gurgling
Question: What are the sounds of a partially
obstructed airway and what does each
sound indicate?
Time Order or Sequence
Itemsor a Process are listed in
chronological order. The steps must be
followed in the correct order and cannot
be changed.
Signal Words for Sequence
First,second
Finally
After
Before
Next
During
At Last
Examples of Sequence
Organization
EMT text p.
Underline details
HOW AIR ENTERS THE BODY
Title
is “How Air Enters the Body”
The sequence is _________________
Nose or mouth
Nose warms air through turns and curves
Throat
Skin
becomes pale and temperature may
change
Examples
Organizations may be a listing of causes
and effects
A listing of definitions
A sequence with causes or effects
What is the mixed
organizational pattern in this
passage
p. 159
The heart rate is the number of beats per
minute. The normal adult rate averages 72 beats
per minute. The volume of blood pumped in one
minute is called the cardiac output and averages
five liters per minute. An irregularity in the heart’s
rate or rhythm is called arrhythmia. A slow rate, less
than 60 beats per minute is called bradycardia. A
fast rate over 100 beats per minute is called
tachycardia. Extra beats before the normal beat
are called extrasystoles. Rapid uncoordinated
contractions are called fibrillations
Check your answers
Title/topic
could be:
Heart Rates and Cardiac Output
Listing of Definitions
More Practice
Antecubital Fossa