Thermometer Bimetal &

Thermocouple
Hagai Elisafan
Noorma Nurmalasari

Chemical Engineering
NAME OF DEVICE

• Thermometer Bimetali • Thermocouple

 TYPES OF THERMOMETER BIMETAL &
THERMOCOUPLE

Thermometer Bimetallic Thermocouple

FUNCTION OF THERMOMETER BIMETAL

Bimetallic strip is a mechanical element which can sense

temperature and transform it into a mechanical displacement. This
mechanical action from the bimetallic strip can be used to activate
a switching mechanism for getting electronic output. Also it can be
attached to the pointer of a measuring instrument or a position
indicator. Various techniques such as riveting, bolting, fastening can
be used to bond two layers of diverse metals in a bimetallic strip.
However the most commonly used method is welding. Since two
metals are employed to construct a bimetallic strip, hence they are
named so.
FUNCTION OF THERMOCOUPLE

A thermocouple works as a temperature sensor. It senses

whether the pilot flame is hot enough to maintain burning the gas
for the furnace burner.
PARTS OF THERMOMETER BIMETAL

1. Case : Outer covering that encloses and

protects the device’s mechanism.
2. Pointer : Metal needle connected to the shaft
that indicates the temperature on the dial.
3. Dial : Graduated face with a pointer in front
to indicate the temperature.
4. Bimetallic Helixc : Band made by welding
together two metals with different
coefficients of expansion; it curves as the
temperature changes.
5. Shaft : Rod that transmits the bimetallic
helix’s rotational motion to the pointer as a
result of warping caused by heat.
HOW THERMOMETE BIMETAL WORK

Thermometer bimetallic are easy to

use. Simply insert at least 50mm into
the liquid or semi-solid being
measured to obtain an accurate
reading. When inserting the dial probe
thermometer into semi-solid or solid
materials, such as frozen food or soil,
it is important to insert the stem
firmly and carefully to avoid bending
the stem. It is advisable not to hold
the head or dial when inserting -
always use the stem.
 HOW THERMOCOUPLE WORK & PARTS

The general circuit for the working of thermocouple is shown in

the figure 1 above. It comprises of two dissimilar metals, A and B.
These are joined together to form two junctions, p and q, which
are maintained at the temperatures T1 and T2 respectively.
Remember that the thermocouple cannot be formed if there are
not two junctions. Since the two junctions are maintained at
different temperatures the Peltier emf is generated within the
circuit and it is the function of the temperatures of
two junctions.

If the temperature of both the junctions is same, equal and

opposite emf will be generated at both junctions and the net
current flowing through the junction is zero. If the junctions are
maintained at different temperatures, the emf’s will not become
zero and there will be a net current flowing through the circuit.
The total emf flowing through this circuit depends on the metals
used within the circuit as well as the temperature of the
two junctions. The total emf or the current flowing through the
circuit can be measured easily by the suitable device.
RANGE OF MEASUREMENT

Thermometer Bimetal Thermocouples

Temperature Range:
•Thermocouple grade wire, −454° to 2,300°F (−270
Fahrenheit Celcius Designator to 1,260°C)
-100 to 150 -70 to 70 01 •Extension grade wire, −32° to 392°F (0 to 200°C)
-40 to 160 -40 to 70 19 •Melting Point, 2550°F (1400°C)

0 to 200 -15 to 90 05 Accuracy (whichever is greater):

•Standard: ± 2.2C% or ±.75%
0 to 250 -20 to 120 06 •Special Limits of Error: ± 1.1C or 0.4%
50 to 300 10 to 50 08 Deviations in the alloys can affect the accuracy
of thermocouples. For type K thermocouples the
50 to 550 10 to 290 16 tolerance class one is given as ± 1.5 K between -40
and 375 °C. However, deviations between
thermocouples coming from the same production
150 to 750 65 to 400 11 are very small and a much higher accuracy can be
achieved by individual calibration.
200 to 1000 100 to 540 12
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE THERMOCOUPLE

• We recommend you check your thermocouples once a semester. The

purpose of checking thermocouples is to detect compromises to the
protective tube before damage can occur to the platinum wires.
Thermocouples are fragile; handle with care.
• Thermocouples should always be stored at room temperature in a non-
humid environment and sealed in a air tight bag in order to prevent
moisture from causing contamination especially if long term storage is
necessary.
• Thermocouples should always be handled with care.
• A properly handled and installed thermocouple will provide years of
service life under normal conditions.
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE THERMOMETER
BIMETAL

• Aside from occasional testing, little or no maintenanceis required.

• Be sure that the gasketed glass cover is on the case at all times,
as moisture and dirt inside the case will eventually cause the
thermometer to lose its accuracy.
• If the thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of a
material that may harden and build up an insulating layer on the
stem, the thermometer should be removed from the apparatus
occasionally, and thestem cleaned. Observe this precaution to
ensure the sensitivity of the instrument.
SAFETY (THERMOMETER BIMETAL)

• Thermowells should be used on all pressurized applications, to protect

the thermometer from corrosion or physical damage, and to facilitate
removal of the thermometer without disturbing the process.
• Bimetal Thermometers operating below freezing must have a perfectly
tight case to prevent entrance of moisture which eventually will
condense and freeze inside the stem. This condition shows up as a
failure of the thermometer to read accurately below 32°F or 0°C. For
this reason it is important to avoid damage to the glass front while the
stem temperature is at freezing or below. All thermometers are
hermetically sealed in a dry atmosphere at the factory and require no
further maintenance.
• When the thermometer is equipped with a well, the well should first be
removed from the ther mometer and screwed into the apparatus