Stress Management :

HEALTH, STRESS,
AND COPING

Diyah Woro D L, S.Psi

HEALTH

 A complete state of
physical, mental,
and social well
being (not merely
the absence of
disease and
infirmity) - WHO
STRESS
 Pengalaman
emosional negatif
yang dapat diprediksi
oleh perubahan
biokimia, fisiologi,
kognitif dan perilaku.
 Terjadi selama
stressor berlangsung
HEALTH AND PSYCHOLOGY
 Health psychology (ilmu
mempelajari kesehatan
melalui multidimensi
pendekatan psikologis)


Psychoneuroimmunology
(ilmu yang mengkaji
hubungan antara
berbagai faktor
kejiwaan dengan sistem
saraf dan sistem
kekebalan)
 UNDERSTANDING STRESS

 Faktor Biologi
 Faktor Kognitif
 Faktor Perilaku
 Faktor Lingkungan
 Faktor Sosiokultural
Faktor biologis
 Nervous system
 General adaptation
syndrome (selye)
 Fight or Flight
(cannon)
Faktor kognitif

 Penilaian Kognitif
Faktor perilaku
 Tipe Perilaku A
 Hardiness/Ketabahan
Faktor Lingkungan
 Negative Event
 Uncontrollable Event
 Ambigous Event
 Overload
 Burnout
 Conflict
 Frustration
 Life Events and Daily
Hassles
 Faktor Sociokultural

 Akulturasi
 Asimilasi
 Marginalisasi
 Integrasi
 Pemisahan
 Status Sosio-ekonomi
 Kemiskinan
 COPING STRESS…ie

 Problem-focused
 Emotion-focused
 Optimis dan berpikir positif
 Dukungan sosial
 Perilaku Asertif
 Managemen Stress
 Multiple coping strategies
 Problem-Focused Coping
 Emotion-focused
(Lazarus’s term)
 Avoidance strategies
 OPTIMISM AND POSITIVE
THINKING
 The pesimists can develop a
more optimistic outlook
(Martin Seligman, 1991)

 Thinking positively, people

put themselves in a good
mood and improve their self-
esteem.
SOCIAL SUPPORT
 Information and
feedback from other that
one is loved and cared
for, esteemed and
valued, and included in
a network of
communication and
mutual obligation.
 ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR

 Assertiveness builds
equal relationships
(Robert Alberti and
Michael Emmons, 1995).
 Assertive individuals
express their feelings,
ask for what they want,
and say no to
something they don't
want.
STRESS MANAGEMENT
 Meditation
 Relaxation
 Biofeedback
 Music therapy
 Art therapy
 relaksasi
 hatha yoga, suatu cara India kuno mengatur
postur tubuh, atau asanas, untuk memperbaiki
kesehatan fisik, mental, dan spiritual.
 Pada 1930, Edmund Jacobsen mengambangkan
relaksasi progresif, suatu metoda menurunkan
ketegangan dan akan merelakskan setiap otot
tubuh.
 J.H. Schultz menciptakan pelatihan autogenik,
suatu proses imajinasi kehangatan, kekuatan
atau sensasi fisik lain di setiap bagian tubuh.