DESALINATION PLANT

AUGUST 2007

LHT ENGINEERING JSC

Introduction

Desalination is the process of removing salt from sea water so

that it can be used for drinking, watering crops or water source
for industry.

Salinity : NaCl, MgCl2,

MgSO4,

CaSO4,K2SO4,CaCO3,
MgBr2, etc Desalination
Plant

Sea water Fresh water

Desalination Process

Multi-Stage Flash Distillation(MSF)

Thermal Multi-Effect Distillation(MED)
Process
Vapor Compression Distillation(VCD)

Reverse Osmosis (R/O)

Desalinatio Membrane
Electrodialysis
n Process Process
Electrodialysis Reversal
Process(EDR)

Freezing

Membrane Distillation
Other
Process Solar Humidification

Other Solar and Wind-Driven

Deaslaters
Multi Stage Flash(MSF) Distillation

Distillation is a phase separation method whereby saline water is heated

to produce water vapor, which is then condensed to produce freshwater.

The feedwater (sea water) is passed through the various stages where
flashing takes place, then the seawater raised to its highest temperature.
Reverse Osmosis(R/O)

The seawater from a pressurized saline solution is separated from the

dissolved salts by flowing through a water-permeable membrane.

Prefilter Feed Pump R/O

Sea Water Permeate

Brine

<Spiral-wound Module> <Hollow-fiber Module>

MSF vs. RO

Item MSF RO

Capacity per unit 75,920 ㎥ /day 68,182 ㎥ /day

(16.7 MIGD) (15.0 MIGD)
Feed Water
- TDS (ppm) Below 50,000 Below 50,000
- Feed treatment Anti-Scale/foam Chloride, acid, polymer
- Chemical (ppm) 2~4 2~4
Product Water
- TDS (ppm) 5 ~ 25 <500
- Recovery (%) 10 ~ 15 35 ~ 50
Type of Energy
- MP Steam For Ejector(small) NA
- LP Steam 2.5 ~ 4 bar at sat. Temp NA
- Electricity (kWh/ ㎥ ) 3~4 4~7
3.5
- Thermal (kWh/ ㎥ )
Performance
- Max Operating Temp. 90 ~ 112 deg C Ambient
- G.O.R (kg of dis./kg of 8 ~ 10 NA
steam)
MSF vs. RO

Item MSF RO

Relative O&M
Characteristics Close, continual High(pretreatment)
- Operation Attention Medium Medium
- Maintenance Attention Medium Average
- Potential for scale Low to medium Very Low
formation
Relative advantages -High quality -Fairly simple to operate
- Potential for corrosion product -Variety of sizes &
-Long history of modules(train)
operation
Relative disadvantages -Easy operation
-Use high quality -Membrane life limit of
material 3~5years
-Need Extensive
pretreatment of feed
water