World War-I

Compiled by-Pratik Nayak

 World War-I
Q. What is it?

the “Great War”

world’s first global conflict fought between 1914-1918

Central Powers of Germany, Allied forces of Great

Austria-Hungary and the Britain, the United States,
Ottoman Empire France, Russia, Italy and
Japan

resulted in unprecedented carnage

and destruction almost 1 crore
people killed
 World War-I
Q. When it starts?

28 July 1914, Austria attacks Serbia

world’s first global conflict fought between 1914-1918
 World War-I Background
1870 German Unification
Infants can’t be
Bismarck unites Germany sent to War

1870- Rule of Germany in Europe

1890
Bismarck’s Foreign Policy

1. Isolate France

2. Build a strong Germany

Expansion of German Empire

German Unification Also took away Alsace & Loraine from

France
 World War-I Background
1870 Bismarck's Foreign Policy
I will bring France
1. Isolate France on its knees

Humiliated France @ Battle of

Sedan(1870)

Taking away all the French Allies

1. Austria-Hungary

2. England Did Secret-Military

alliance with them
3. Russia
 World War-I Background
1870 Isolate France & German Expansion
I will bring France
League of 3 Emperors on its knees
1873

Germany-Austria-Russia

Later on due to differences, this league didn’t worked

 World War-I Background
1870 Isolate France & German Expansion

1879 Dual Alliance

Germany-Austria
 World War-I Background
1870 Isolate France & German Expansion

1881 2nd Three Emperors league

 World War-I Background
1870 Isolate France & German Expansion

1882 Triple Alliance

Italy wanted
Tunisia which
was under
French control

Once Italy joined Bismarck knew now France has

only one ally England
 World War-I Background
1870 Isolate France & German Expansion
How to deal with
England England???
1882

We don’t want conflict with you

Sure na…then we
also don’t wantWe only want to strengthen our Army
conflict
No naval development

We will restrict to Europe and not cross

seas
 World War-I Background
1870 Isolate France & German Expansion

1890 Bismarck’s Foreign Policy worked well

During this time, Germany achieved Industrial

Growth as well
 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhelm comes to power in Germany Development
is my only goal
By Reverses the Policy of Bismarck
1914
Germany surpassed Britain in Iron & Steel
Production
2nd position after USA

Technologically advances ahead of Britain

Chemical Industries Textile Industry

German Capitalist & Industrial class was pressuring

the king for acquiring more overseas territory
 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhelm comes to power in Germany

By
1914 German Capitalist & Industrial class was pressuring Development
the king for acquiring more overseas is my only goal
territories/Colonies

Hence, Germany was going for Economic

Imperialism through colonies

Economic Imperialism Britain was world No.1

 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhelm comes to power in Germany
Hence, Germany was going for Economic
By Imperialism through colonies
1914
Economic Imperialism Britain was world No.1
I want more
Haa haa…Good
territories
joke beta
 World War-I Cause
1st Major Cause for War Imperialism
 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhelm comes to power in Germany

By Reverses the Policy of Bismarck

1914
Weld Politik World Politics
Weld Politik
1. Interfere in World Politics
This is 2. Expansion of German Empire all over the World
blasphemy….
3. Naval Empowerment of Germany
 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhelm comes to power in Germany

By Reverses the Policy of Bismarck

1914
1. Interfere in World Politics I’ll support the
Dutch
1896 Interferes in Boer War in South Africa
Need to do
Dutch Farmers Vs. Britain
something
 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhem comes to power in Germany

By Reverses the Policy of Bismarck

1914
1. Interfere in World Politics
1905 Moroccan Crises
 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhem comes to power in Germany

By 2. Naval Empowerment & German Expansion

1914 Germany will
Constructs Kiel Canal
rule over
Baltic Sea-North Sea Connection water
 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhem comes to power in Germany

By 2. Naval Empowerment & German Expansion

1914
Proposed Berlin-Baghdad Railway Line Development
of World
 World War-I Background
1890 Kaiser Wilhem comes to power in Germany

1894 Q. Reaction to Kaiser Wilhelm’s policies?

1894 Franco Russian Alliance

 World War-I Cause
1st Major Cause for War Imperialism

Germany will
rule over
हलवा है क्या water
I need to
call my World War-I Cause
allies
British reaction to German’s challenge
Britain starts reviving the diplomatic relations
Anglo-Japanese1902
I need to
call my World War-I Cause
allies British reaction to German’s challenge
Britain starts reviving the diplomatic relations
Anglo-French1904
I need to
call my World War-I Cause
allies British reaction to German’s challenge
Britain starts reviving the diplomatic relations
Anglo-Russian1907
 World War-I Cause
I need to call
British reaction to German’s challenge
my allies Britain starts reviving the diplomatic relations

1. France
2. Russia
Formation of Triple Entente Britain-France-Russia
 World War-I Cause
By 1914 Europe was divided into 2 groups
Entente VS. Alliance

2nd Major Cause

Alliances &Groupism
By, 1915 Italy
leaves the alliance
& Turkey joins the
same.

Issue of Turkey
 World War-I Cause
Q. The issue of Turkey/ Eastern Question

Ottoman Empire
Used to Control
large areas in
Europe, Asia &
Empire

By 1850s Ottoman
Empire got
Weak Countries
started getting
Independent
 World War-I Cause
Q. The issue of Turkey/ Eastern Question Russia-Turkey dynamics
 World War-I Cause
The issue of Turkey/ Eastern Question
By 1850s Ottoman Empire got Weak Countries started getting Independent
Greece1829
Motenegro1878
Bulgaria1878
Romania1881
Serbia1882
These countries were having Slav Race
Russia @ that time was spreading
ideology of Pan-Slavism

Many of these states came under influence of Austria-Hungary

 World War-I Cause
The issue of Turkey/ Eastern Question
By 1850s Ottoman Empire got Weak Countries started getting Independent
 World War-I Cause
Austria Wanted to Expand its empire

These are our

territory

Austria Ferdinand
 World War-I Cause
Russia wanted to include these areas under its influence
Russia Pan Slavism Serbia Started getting
support from Russia
Don’t challenge
I want to unite
us…they are
We are all Slav People
our territories
Independent…..

RussiaCzar Nicolas II
Austria Ferdinand SerbiaGavrilo Princip
World War-I Cause

3rd Major Cause

Rivalry between Austria
& Serbia
 World War-I Events
By 1912, some events took place which resulted into increase in conflict
1912 Creation of Balkan League
 World War-I Events
By 1912, some events took place which resulted into increase in conflict
1912 Ottoman reaction to Balkan League
Turkey attacks
Montenegro

Balkan league intervenes

in favour of Montenegro

Defeat of Turkey London

Agreement Leaves claim
over Eastern Europe
 World War-I Events
By 1912, some events took place which resulted into increase in conflict
1913 2nd Balkan War

Conflict between

Bulgaria Serbia

Territorial Issues

Austria comes in
support of Bulgaria
 World War-I Events
1914 The issue of Bosnia-Herzegovina
@ Sarajevo (Capital of Bosnia & Herzegovina )
Austria Bosnia is our
territory

Serbia Slav people stays

over there. Our right

Territorial Conflict
 World War-I Events
1914 Assassination of Austrian King
28, Archduke Ferdinand @ Sarajevo (Capital of Bosnia & Herzegovina )
June
 World War-I Events
1914 Reaction by Austria Assassination of Austrian King
28, Hand over the One Month Timeline
June culprits in one
Haath nahin
month or
aaunga tere….
else……

Austria
Serbia
 World War-I Events
1914 One Month Over No action taken by Serbia
28,
July It’s time….
Finish Serbia….

Austria
 World War-I Events
By 1912, some events took place which resulted into increase in conflict
1914 One Month Over No action taken by Serbia
28, Don’t
Bachao…Bachao
July It’s time…. Worry…when
…Austria is
Finish Serbia…. I’m Here…
attacking us….

Austria Serbia RussiaCzar Nicolas II

 World War-I Events
By 1912, some events took place which resulted into increase in conflict
1914 Russia order mobilisation of troops
29,
Bachao…Bachao Army…march
July
…Austria is towards serbia
attacking us….

Serbia RussiaCzar Nicolas II

 World War-I Events
By 1912, some events took place which resulted into increase in conflict
1914 Germany Declares War on Russia
1,
Aug. Army…march
Attack…… on towards serbia
Russia

RussiaCzar Nicolas II
GermanyKaiser WilhemII
 World War-I Events
By 1912, some events took place which resulted into increase in conflict
1914 Germany Declares War on France
3,
Aug. Attack on
France

GermanyKaiser WilhemII
 World War-I Events
By 1912, some events took place which resulted into increase in conflict
1914 Germany Declares War on France
3,
Aug. German army enters
Belgium to go to
France
Belgium Neutral
Nation, protected by
Britain

Britain This German act

not tolerable
 World War-I Events
1914 Britain declares war on Germany
4,
Aug. For violating Belgium’s
sovereignty

Also to protect its alliance

partner France
 World War-I Events
1914 All out War Declared
4-5,
Aug.
 World War-I Events
1915 Italy changes side to Triple entente
 World War-I Events
1918 End of WW-I
11
Nov.
 World War-I Causes
1. Imperialism

Role of Kaiser Wilhelm-II Weld Politik

Naval Rivalry between Germany & Britain

Germany will rule over water

Economic Rivalry Germany challenging the existing Imperial nations

Colonisation of Africa

Jingoism Jingoistic Nationalism pushing toward Imperialism

 World War-I Causes
1. Imperialism

Jingoism Jingoistic Nationalism pushing toward Imperialism

 World War-I Causes
2. Secret Alliances

1892 Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary & Italy

1894 France & Russia

1904 Britain & France ‘Entente Cordiale’ (Friendly Getting together)

1907 Britain & Russia

Italy initially joined triple alliance, but later on having good terms with
France & Britain, entered war against Germany in 1915
 World War-I Causes
3. Groupism & Enimity

German backing of Austria

Rivalry between Austria & Serbia
Serbian Nationalism trying to break Austrian Empire
Austria had control over ‘Bosnia’, which the Serbians claim their part
because of Serb people

Russian backing of Serbia

Rivalry between Austria & Russia

Germany & France

During German Unification, the French areas of Alsace & Lorraine
were taken away
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

Social

Impact

Economic Political
 World War-I Impact Bachao….
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

1. Political Impact

1.End of Monarchy in Germany

Kaiser Wilhelm-II runs away to Holland

2. Disintegration of Austria-Hungarian empire &

Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire
GermanyKaiser WilhemI

3. Russian Revolution

4. Slogan of Self determination got strong Development of

Nation-States
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

1. Political Impact

5. Emergence of USA & Japan

6. Establishment of League of Nations

The war forced the people to think for permanent
peace
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

Social

Impact

Economic Political
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

2. Economic Impact

1. Shattering of World Economy

Towns & Cities destroyed
Industries destroyed
Approx Eco. Loss  $400Bn

2. LCF Turner Tragedy of Miscalculation

 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

2. Economic Impact

3. During War Development of War Economy

Iron & Steel Military, Ships, Armament
Boom in these sectors

Other sectors of Economy Closed down

4. Change in Trade pattern

Earlier, Europe export to Asia & Africa
After war, Europe Import from America & Japan
Laissez Faire idea promoted
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

2. Economic Impact

5. Severe debt crises in Europe

6.Inflation
Particularly Germany ‘Marc’
Galloping Inflation Hyper Inflation
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

2. Economic Impact
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

Social

Impact

Economic Political
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

2. Social Impact

1. Impact on Humanity
> 1 crore died
> 2 crore injured

2. Demographic Change Social Crises emerged

Death Young Male population ( 25-40 age)
Left over Old, Childern & Women population
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

2. Social Impact

3. Q. Raised in Europe
Are we really civilised???
Book Decay of European Civilisation

4. Reconstruction of Europe
Need of Human Resource
Gave Impetus to Women Empowerment
Social outlook towards women changed
Voting rights given
 World War-I Impact
Q. Impact/Outcome of World War-I

2. Social Impact

5. Ideological changes

Shattered faith of people

Atheist population increased

Disillusionment
People lost faith in Life & happiness
Thank You.