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TOP54048W
Issue 1.0
March 2010
Proprietary - Use pursuant to Company instructions -All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2010
Terms of Use and Legal Notices
1. Safety Warning
Both lethal and dangerous voltages may be present within the products used herein. The user is
strongly advised not to wear conductive jewelry while working on the products. Always observe all
safety precautions and do not work on the equipment alone.
The equipment used during this course may be electrostatic sensitive. Please observe correct anti-
Terms of Use and Legal Notices
static precautions.
2. Trade Marks
By advancing beyond this page you agree to the terms of use and acknowledge this legal notice
Terms of Use and Legal Notices [cont.]
3. Copyright
This document contains information that is proprietary to Alcatel-Lucent and may be used for training
purposes only. No other use or transmission of all or any part of this document is permitted without
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This course is intended to train the student about the overall look, feel, and use of Alcatel-Lucent
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Please refer to technical practices supplied by Alcatel-Lucent for current information concerning Alcatel-
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Terms of Use and Legal Notices [cont.]
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Controls
OTH
Introduction
* Optical Transport
Network
1 Optical Transport Network (OTN)
Proprietary - Use pursuant to Company instructions - All Rights Reserved ©Alcatel-Lucent 2010
OTN evolution
PDH
Ethernet
ATM
DWDM
system
SONET/SDH SONET/SDH
NE
OTN evolution
OTH
Advantages
Functionality • Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• Transport / Multiplexing / Routing • More Levels of Tandem Connection
• Network and Service Management Monitoring (TCM)
• Supervision & Survivability • Transparent Transport of Client Signals
• Switching Scalability
ITU-T framework for OTN recommendations
• End-to-end path
management
End-to-end
Optical Payload
Optical channelUnit • Connection
End-to-end
connectivity
path
Electro-optical
Electro-optical
OCh
OPU monitoring
for
across
optical
theclient
OTN
layer
layer signals
• Fault and error
monitoring
• Forward Error
correction
Optical
Optical Data Unit Networking
Connectionfunctionality
monitoring
OTN layers multiplex
ODU
section Detection
for multi-wavelength
of errors and
OMS optical signal
faults
• End-to-end
management for
optical signals
Optical
Optical • Transport in
Optical Transport Unit opticalofchannels
layer section
transmission Monitoring
Transmission of
bitoptical
errors
OTU
OTS Forward
signals via
error
• Defect optical
correction
fiber
monitoring
Regeneration classification
1 0 1 0
digital 1R 2R 3R
signal Re- Re-shaping Re-timing
Amplification
•1R
optical regeneration •1R
•Analogical regeneration
signal process •Applied to
optical signal •2R
•Applied to regeneration
optical signal •Digital
received processing •Complete
•Signal digital pulse
signal amplitude without clock
recovery regeneration
changes
•Noise •Optical-to-
Re-amplified suppression electrical
conversion
signal •Not
transparent
to line code
Re-shaped
signal
Re-timed
signal
OTN network example
OCh OCh
OTU OTU
ODU
OPU
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2 OTH signal structure
Proprietary - Use pursuant to Company instructions - All Rights Reserved ©Alcatel-Lucent 2010
OTH multiplexing and mapping principle
SONET/SDH
Ethernet/IP OTN
ATM
Layer
OH OPU
Client signal OPU
OH TCM ODU
OPU ODU
Och OH
Och OH
OPS
OMS OPS
OMS
OTM COMMs
OMS OH
OSC
Optical Transport Module (OTM)
SONET/SDH
kOTU OTU OTU OTU2.5 Ethernet/IP
OTU1 OTU
Gbit/s OTU STM-16/OC-48
ATM
OTU4 OTU
100 Gbit/s
OTU 100GbEthernet
OTM-n.m
OCh OCh OCh OCh OCh OCh OCh
Supported bandwidth
Number of OCh
OTM-0.m Single optical channel, no OSC
OTM-nr.m Reduced functionality: no OSC
OTM-0.mvn Multi lane, no OSC
OTM structure examples
OTM-0.1
OTM-0.1 r.1
OTM-4r.1
OTM-4 n.1
OTM-n.1
OTM-n.1
OTM- v4
OTM-0.3v4
OTM-0.3v4
OTM-0.3
OTM-0.2
OTM-0.2 r.2
OTM-4r.2
OTM-4 n.2
OTM-n.2
OTM-n.2
OTM- v4
OTM-0.4v4
OTM-0.4v4
OTM-0.4
OTM-0.3
OTM-0.3 r.3
OTM-4r.3
OTM-4 n.3
OTM-n.3
OTM-n.3
OTM-
OTM-0.4
OTM-0.4 r.4
OTM-4r.4
OTM-4 n.4
OTM-n.4
OTM-n.4
OTM-
OTM-4 r.12
OTM-4r.12 n.12
OTM-n.12
OTM-n.12
OTM-
OTM-4 r.23
OTM-4r.23 n.23
OTM-n.23
OTM-n.23
OTM-
r.24
OTM-4r.24
OTM-4 n.24
OTM-n.24
OTM-n.24
OTM-
r.1234
OTM-4r.1234
OTM-4 n.1234 • OTU3 and OTU4
OTM-n.1234
OTM-n.1234
OTM-
• No support of WDM • 4 channels included
• One single OCh with specified • No generation of OSC
data rate m=1, 2, 3, 4
• No generation of OSC
• Reduced functionality • Support of WDM
• Support of WDM • OSC is generated
• 4 OCh with different bandwidth
• n ≥ 1allowed:
channels
e.g. OTM-4r.23 offers 10G and 40G channels
• Several combinations of Back to
data rates supported overview
OTM multiplexing structure
P
n OTU-2 ODU2 OPU2
P P
osc
OTU-1 ODU1 OPU1
Full functionality
OCC OCh
l
i OCC OCh
OTM-n.m OTSn OMSn OCG-n.m j
k OCC OCh
P OCC OCh
osc
OSC OOS 1 ≤ i+j+k+l ≤ n
OTM multiplexing structure
x4
OTM-0.mvn OPSMn4 OTLCG OTLC OTL4.n
Reduced functionality
x4
OPSMn3 OTLCG OTLC OTL3.n
4x1/4
OCCr OCh
OTU-4 ODU4 OPU4
l
i OCCr OCh
j
OTM-nr.m k OTU-3 ODU3 OPU3
OPSn OCG-nr.m OCCr OCh
P
n OTU-2 ODU2 OPU2
P P
osc
OTU-1 ODU1 OPU1
Full functionality
OCC OCh
l
i OCC OCh
OTM-n.m OTSn OMSn OCG-n.m j
OTH multiplexing
k OCC OCh and mapping principle
OSC OOS 1 ≤ i+j+k+l ≤ n
OTU multiplexing structure
ODU4
x80 x40 xn x10 x10 x2 CBR40G
STM-256/OC-768
ODU3
OTU-3 x1
40GbEthernet
10GbEthernet
ODU3 ODU2e
x3 FC1200
x32 x16 xn x4
CBR10G
ODU2 STM-64/OC-192
OTU-2 x1
CBRx
ODUflex GFP data
ODU2
x8 x4 xn
CBR2G5
ODU1
STM-16/OC-48
OTU-1 x1
ODU0 1000BASE-X
ODU1
x2
OTH multiplexing
HO ODU/OTU LO ODU OTM multiplexing
OTN frame transmission
STS-48/STM-16
2.488 Gbit/s
0 125 time [μs]
SONET/SDH
STS-192, STM-64
9.953 Gbit/s
OPU1
2.488 Gbit/s
0 49 time [μs]
OPU2
9.953 Gbit/s
0 49 time [μs]
OTN
OPU3
39.813 Gbit/s
0 49 time [μs]
OTN frame
column
byte
row
OTU OH
1 7 8 14 15 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1 FA OH OTUk OH
2 OPUk
ODUk OH
Client signal OTUk FEC
3 OH
1 7 8 14 15 16 17 3824 3825 4080
4
1 FA OH OTUk OH
2 OPUk
1 6 7 8 11 13 14
ODUk OH
Client signal OTUk FEC
3 RES
OH FAS SM GCC0
4
MFAS
8 9 10
TTI BIP-8
FAS Frame Alignment Signal SM Section Monitoring
MFAS MultiFrame Alignment1 Signal GCC0 General5 Communication
6 8
Channel
Frame: 0 some overhead signal span multi between OTU termination points
BEI SAPI
Backward Error IndicationOTUk/ODUk frames, for BEI/BIAE
example, BDI for IAE RES
TTI and PSI are overhead signals; RES Reserved future standardization
BIAE 16
Backward Incoming Alignment Error
range: 0…255 TTI Trail Trace Identifier
BDI DAPI
Backward Defect Indication BIP-8 Parity Checksum
IAE 32
Incoming Alignment Error SAPI Source Access Point Identifier
Operator
RES Reserved for futureSpecific
standardization DAPI Destination Access Point Identifier
Back to
63 overview
ODU OH
1 34 5 7 8 10 11 13 14
TCM3
OPUk TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP
ODUk OH
Client signal OTUk FEC
TCM
GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC APS/PCC
7OH
1 ACT
8 14 15 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1 FA OH OTUk OH
5 6 7 8
2 Prot Requested Bridged Reserved
APS Automatic ProtectionOPUk
Switching
RES Type
ODUk Communication SignalClient
OH Control channel
signal
Signal OTUk FEC
PCC
3 Protection
RES OH for future standardization
Reserved
APS Automatic Protection Switching
4
DM Delay Measurements for ODUk path or tandem coordination channel; 8 APS channel
PM&TCM1-6
connection available for ODUk path and section
and 6 TCM level monitoring
TCMACT TTI BIP-8control channel
Activation/deactivation
TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring TTI Trail Trace Identifier
PM Path Monitoring 1 5 8
BIP-8 Parity Checksum
Frame:
EXP 0 Experimental
SAPI BEI/BIAE BDI STAT
GCC General Communication Channel (clear channel)
16 BEI Backward Error Indication
DAPI
BIAE Backward Incoming Alignment Error
32
Operator SAPI
BDI Backward Defect Indication
Source Access Point Identifier
63 Specific DAPI
STAT Path Monitoring Status, indicates
Destination Access Point
theIdentifier
presence of a maintenance
signal Back to
overview
OPU OH
1 7 8 14 15 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1 FA OH OTUk OH
2 OPUk
ODUk OH
Client signal OTUk FEC
3 OH
1 7 8 14 15 16 17 3824 3825 4080
4
1 FA OH OTUk OH
2 OPUk
ODUk OH
Client signal OTUk FEC
3
OH Mapping
4 specific
PSI
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3 You will learn in this chapter…
OTH features
Proprietary - Use pursuant to Company instructions - All Rights Reserved ©Alcatel-Lucent 2010
Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM)
protecting
Protection Supervision
(TCM4)
NNI-NNI connection monitoring (TCM3/4)
UNI-UNI connection monitoring (TCM2)
verify QoS connection monitoring (TCM1)
end-to-end TCM layers monitoring
path connection
2
OH Client signal FEC
3
4 OH FEC
1 239 255
OH FEC 1st sub-row
1 239 255
OH FEC 2nd sub-row
1 239 255
OH FEC 16th sub-row
Back to
overview
OTH features: Quiz
Train...
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PROPERTIES
On passing, 'Finish' button: Goes to Next Slide
On failing, 'Finish' button: Goes to Next Slide
Allow user to leave quiz: At any time
User may view slides after quiz: At any time
User may attempt quiz: Unlimited times
4 OTH defects and
maintenance signals
Proprietary - Use pursuant to Company instructions - All Rights Reserved ©Alcatel-Lucent 2010
Maintenance signals and defects overview
Maintenance
Defects
signals
optical layer electrical layer
BDI-P, BDI-O
OTS OTS
! BDI-P, BDI-O
AIS: Alarm indication signal ODU OTU
upstream defect
defect
OTU OTU
ODUk-AIS X
BDI-P ODU
OTU OTU
2
OTUk FEC
3
All-1s pattern
4
2
OTUk AIS
3
Repeating PN-11 sequence
4
Back to
overview
BDI: Backward defect indication ODU OTU OMS OTS
BDI
OTU OTU
! BDI
BDI-P, BDI-O
OTS OTS
! BDI-P, BDI-O
Back to
overview
DEG: Degenerated defect ODU OTU
1 7 8 14 1516 17 3824
1 BIP8
2
OPUk
3
4
BIP8
Insertion
2nd following frame Extraction: BIP8
Computation: BIP8
Comparison
BEI
OTU OTU
Back to
overview
FDI: Forward defect indication OCh OMS
Back to
overview
IAE / BIAE: (Backward) Incoming alignment error ODU OTU
OTU OTU
! BIAE BIAE
Performance monitoring:
Far-end counter
suppressed by BIAE
Back to
overview
LCK: Locked ODU OTU
ODU/OTU: LCK
OTUk-LCK
signal generation
! LCK
LCK LCK AIS
OTU OTU ODU
X
ODU BDI
OTU OTU ODU
! BDI
Back to
overview
LOF / LOM: Loss of frame / loss of multiframe OTU
2 OPUk
ODUk Client signal OTUk FEC
OH
3 OH
4
1 6 7
FAS
MFAS
BDI BDI
OTU OTU
Back to
overview
LOS: Loss of signal OCh OMS OTS
OMS OCh
FDI-P AIS
OMS OCh
BDI-P BDI-P
Back to
overview
OCI: Open connection indication OCh ODU
No cross-connection
switched
LOS-P Suppresses
OCI LOS-P
OCh OCh
X OCI
OCh
OCh OCh
OCI
Supresses LOS-P
LOS-P OCI
1 7 8 14 15 16 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
2
ODUk OCI
3
Repeating “0110” pattern
4
Back to
overview
PLM: Payload mismatch ODU
! PLM
ATM mapping
CBR mapping
ODU ODU
AIS
ATM mapping
CBR mapping
ODU ODU
AIS
! PLM
Back to
overview
PMI: Payload missing indication OMS OTS
Example
! PMI
Missing LOS-P suppress
payload signal detection LOS-P related actions
OTS OTS
PMI
OTS OTS
Back to
overview
TIM: Trail trace identifier mismatch ODU OTU OTS
ODU/OTU/OTS: TIM
Operator provided
trail trace identifier
TTI
Comparison
Extracted TTI
Operator provided
trail trace identifier
TTI
Miss-wired ! TIM
cross-connection
OTS OTS
AIS
BDI
OTS OTS
Back to
overview
Alarm propagation example
OTS: OMS: OCh: ODU:
LOS-P FDI-P FDI-P AIS
LOS-O FDI-O FDI-O
OMS: OCh: ODU:
FDI-P FDI-P AIS
FDI-O FDI-O
OTS:
BDI-P
BDI-O
OMS: OMS:
BDI-P BDI-P
BDI-O BDI-O
OTU: OTU:
BDI BDI
ODU: ODU:
BDI BDI
Train...
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PROPERTIES
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5 Navigation
Summary
Proprietary - Use pursuant to Company instructions - All Rights Reserved ©Alcatel-Lucent 2010
What I should know: Layers
What I should know:
Layers
* Electrical layers:
OPU/ODU
OTM MUX
OTU
* Optical layers:
OTH frame
OCh
OMS
OTS
n: number of channels
m: bandwidth
OTM MUX
* OTM-0.m
single optical channel
OTH frame
no OSC
* OTM-nr.m
Defects
multilane, no OSC
What I should know: OTH frame
What I should know:
Layers
* 4x4080 byte
* Frame Alignment
OTM MUX
(FA)
* OTUk OH
OTH frame
* OTUk FEC
* OPUk OH
* Payload area
* TCM:
connection monitoring
OTM MUX
6 TCM layers
nested, overlapping
OTH frame
* FEC:
identify bit errors
TCM & FEC
correct up to 32 bit
errors per frame
Defects
What I should know: Defects & maintenance signals
What I should know:
Layers
* Defects
BDI, DEG, IAE,
OTM MUX
PMI, TIM
* Maintenance signals:
AIS, FDI, LCK,
FEC & TCM
OCI, PMI
Defects
6 Instructions
Assessment
Proprietary - Use pursuant to Company instructions - All Rights Reserved ©Alcatel-Lucent 2010
PROPERTIES
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User may attempt quiz: 3 times
Optical Transport Module (OTM)
OTM-n.m
Supported bandwidth
Number of OCh
OTM-0.m Single optical channel, no OSC
OTM-nr.m Reduced functionality: no OSC
OTM-0.mvn Multi lane, no OSC
OTM multiplexing structure
x4
OTM-0.mvn OPSMn4 OTLCG OTLC OTL4.n
Reduced functionality
x4
OPSMn3 OTLCG OTLC OTL3.n
4x1/4
OCCr OCh
OTU-4 ODU4 OPU4
l
i OCCr OCh
j
k OTU-3 ODU3 OPU3
OTM-nr.m OPSn OCG-nr.m OCCr OCh
P
n OTU-2 ODU2 OPU2
P P
osc
OTU-1 ODU1 OPU1
Full functionality
OCC OCh
l
i OCC OCh
OTM-n.m OTSn OMSn OCG-n.m j
OTH multiplexing
k OCC OCh and mapping principle
OSC OOS 1 ≤ i+j+k+l ≤ n
OTH multiplexing and mapping principle
SONET/SDH
Ethernet/IP OTN
ATM
Layer
Och OH
Och OH
OMS OMS
OTM COMMs
OMS OH
OSC
Back to
OTM MUX
Optical Transport Module (OTM)
OTM-n.m
Supported bandwidth
Number of OCh
OTM-0.m Single optical channel, no OSC
OTM-nr.m Reduced functionality: no OSC
OTM-0.mvn Multi lane, no OSC
Back to
OTM MUX
OTU multiplexing structure
ODU client
signals
OTU-4 ODU4 100GbEthernet
x1
ODU4
x80 x40 xn x10 x10 x2 CBR40G
STM-256/OC-768
ODU3
OTU-3 x1
40GbEthernet
10GbEthernet
ODU3 ODU2e
x3 FC1200
x32 x16 xn x4
CBR10G
ODU2 STM-64/OC-192
OTU-2 x1
CBRx
ODUflex GFP data
ODU2
x8 x4 xn
CBR2G5
ODU1
STM-16/OC-48
OTU-1 x1
ODU0 1000BASE-X
ODU1
x2
OTH multiplexing
HO ODU/OTU LO ODU OTM multiplexing
OTM multiplexing structure
x4
OTM-0.mvn OPSMn4 OTLCG OTLC OTL4.n
Reduced functionality
x4
OPSMn3 OTLCG OTLC OTL3.n
4x1/4
OCCr OCh
OTU-4 ODU4 OPU4
l
i OCCr OCh
j
k OTU-3 ODU3 OPU3
OTM-nr.m OPSn OCG-nr.m OCCr OCh
P
n OTU-2 ODU2 OPU2
P P
osc
OTU-1 ODU1 OPU1
Full functionality
OCC OCh
l
i OCC OCh
OTM-n.m OTSn OMSn OCG-n.m j
k OCC OCh
1 ≤ i+j+k+l ≤ n
P OCC OCh
osc
Back to
OSC OOS OTU MUX
OTH multiplexing and mapping principle
SONET/SDH
Ethernet/IP OTN
ATM
Layer
Och OH
Och OH
OMS OMS
OTM COMMs
OMS OH
OSC
Back to
OTU MUX
OTN frame
BDI-P, BDI-O
OTS OTS
! BDI-P, BDI-O
Congratulations you have finished the training
Congratulations
OTH introduction!
Your feedback is appreciated!
Please feel free to Email your comments to:
cwdteam@alcatel-lucent.com
Thank you!