Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
(Potencial efectivo)
Ecuación Básica, Radial y Monofásica de Darcy.
Asumiendo conservación de la masa, Darcy y aplicando
1 k p p
la compresibilidad del fluido, la ecuación básica para el
r c
flujo radial de un fluido de fase monofásica en un medio
Poroso se da como: r r r t Equa: 5.1
r r r k t
2.- Gradientes al cuadrado desechables.
3.- Compresibilidad del líquido es constante y baja, cp<<1.
1 p p p
r Equa: 5.10
r r ( p)z( p) r k t z( p )
Pseudopresión
Referencia: Ikoku; Natural Gas Engineering, Chapter 5, Page 201 and following.
ECUACION DARCY FLUJO HORIZONTAL
(VERSION DE LA INTEGRAL DE KIRCHOFF) (1)
S )
A CO
I C RI
P LIT
P M
E
A U
P
1.- Potencial.
2 AN N
N O S
2.- Potencial efectivo.
IO
z
O D
C
3.- Potencial real de los gases.
L U ET
SO MP
A R 0
N
SI L IC
P
(A
(1) Ver texto “Natural Gas Reservoir Engineering". Chi U. Ikoku, Pág.142 y siguientes.
METODO DE SOLUCION DE LA Assemble
PSEUDOPRESION
(Transformación de: Al-Hussainy, Ramey y Crawford)
Método Teórico – Experimental, integrando
valores experimentales.
Muestra representativa, en el laboratorio de N° Pres Z Visc.
PVT simular las condiciones del Reservorio 1 14.7 1.0000 0.0107
(Isotérmicas); determinando los valores de 2 50 0.9958 0.0108
3 100 0.9732 0.0109
z y µ (Viscosidad) a diversas presiones. 4 150 0.9520 0.0111
Con los datos obtenidos, solucionar la 5 200 0.9322 0.0112
integral de Pseudopresión utilizando el 6 250 0.9140 0.0113
método de integración de la Regla Simpson- 7 300 0.8972 0.0114
1/3 u otra equivalente (Trapezoidal). 8 350 0.8819 0.0115
9 400 0.8681 0.0116
Obtener las tablas solución o el diagrama 10 450 0.8557 0.0117
Solución. 11 500 0.8448 0.0119
Para cálculos computacionales, obtener la
ecuación por Regresión Exponencial
Utilizado para convertir Presión a
Pseudopresión y viceversa.
P
Supuesto: El gas no varia en su P
composición.
Generalmente se aplica al reservorio en su
2
P0
z
P
totalidad.
Ocasionalmente se determina la
Pseudopresión para cada pozo.
Ejemplo.
Programa
DATOS DE LABORATORIO - ANALISIS DEL GAS - CALCULOS
2 P
f(P)
z
N° Pres Z Visc. f(p)xM N° Pres Z Visc. f(p)xM N° Pres Z Visc. f(p)xM
1 14.7 1.0000 0.0107 2.74 15 700 0.8160 0.0123 139.45 29 1400 0.9009 0.0139 223.75
2 50 0.9958 0.0108 9.27 16 750 0.8125 0.0124 148.68 30 1450 0.9180 0.0140 225.58
3 100 0.9732 0.0109 18.78 17 800 0.8104 0.0125 157.56 31 1500 0.9366 0.0141 226.89
4 150 0.9520 0.0111 28.50 18 850 0.8099 0.0126 166.02 32 1550 0.9567 0.0142 227.71
5 200 0.9322 0.0112 38.41 19 900 0.8108 0.0128 174.03 33 1600 0.9782 0.0143 228.06
6 250 0.9140 0.0113 48.48 20 950 0.8132 0.0129 181.55 34 1650 1.0012 0.0145 227.98
7 300 0.8972 0.0114 58.68 21 1000 0.8170 0.0130 188.54 35 1700 1.0257 0.0146 227.50
8 350 0.8819 0.0115 68.96 22 1050 0.8223 0.0131 194.98 36 1750 1.0517 0.0147 226.65
9 400 0.8681 0.0116 79.29 23 1100 0.8291 0.0132 200.86 37 1800 1.0791 0.0148 225.45
10 450 0.8557 0.0117 89.61 24 1150 0.8374 0.0133 206.14 38 1850 1.1080 0.0149 223.96
11 500 0.8448 0.0119 99.89 25 1200 0.8472 0.0134 210.84 39 1900 1.1384 0.0150 222.18
12 550 0.8354 0.0120 110.06 26 1250 0.8584 0.0136 214.94 40 1950 1.1703 0.0151 220.16
13 600 0.8275 0.0121 120.08 27 1300 0.8711 0.0137 218.45 41 2000 1.2036 0.0153 217.92
14 650 0.8210 0.0122 129.90 28 1350 0.8853 0.0138 221.38
Pseudopresion-15414b
P
P
2
P0
z
P
2 P
f(P)
z
Po P
AREA: PSEUDOPERSIÓN.
RESOLUCION DE LA INTEGRAL
Al-Hussainy, Ramey y Crawford
INTEGRACION NEWTON-COTES
CUADRATURA DE SIMPSON-1/3
(EL MAS PRECISO DE LOS DOS METODOS)
b
P h
a
z
P
3
f a 4 f 1 2 f 2 . . . . . . 4 f n 3 2 f n 2 4 f n 1 f b
Métodos numéricos para Ingenieros, C.S Chapra/R.P. Canale, Quinta edición, 2007; Pág. 631 y sig.
Simpson
N° Pres Z Visc. f(p)xM N° Pres Z N°
Visc. Pres.
f(p)xM N° Z Pres Visc.
Z Pseudp
Visc. (MM)
f(p)xM
1 14.7 1.0000 0.0107 2.74 15 700 0.8160 1
0.0123 100
139.45 0.973
29 1400 0.0109
0.9009 0.0139 0.95
223.75
2 50 0.9958 0.0108 9.27 16 750 0.8125 2
0.0124 200
148.68 0.932
30 1450 0.0112
0.9180 0.0140 3.86
225.58
3 100 0.9732 0.0109 18.78 17 800 0.8104 0.0125
3 157.56
300 31
0.8971500 0.9366
0.0114 0.0141 226.89
8.80
4 150 0.9520 0.0111 28.50 18 850 0.8099 0.0126 166.02 32 1550 0.9567 0.0142 227.71
4 400 0.868 0.0116 15.84
5 200 0.9322 0.0112 38.41 19 900 0.8108 0.0128 174.03 33 1600 0.9782 0.0143 228.06
5 500 0.845 0.0119 24.99
6 250 0.9140 0.0113 48.48 20 950 0.8132 0.0129 181.55 34 1650 1.0012 0.0145 227.98
7 300 0.8972 0.0114 58.68 21 1000 0.8170
6
0.0130
600
188.54
0.827
35 1700
0.0121
1.0257 0.0146
36.18
227.50
8 350 0.8819 0.0115 68.96 22 1050 0.8223 7
0.0131 700
194.98 0.816
36 1750 0.0123
1.0517 0.0147 49.42
226.65
9 400 0.8681 0.0116 79.29 23 1100 0.8291 8
0.0132 800
200.86 0.810
37 1800 0.0125
1.0791 0.0148 64.60
225.45
10 450 0.8557 0.0117 89.61 24 1150 0.8374 9
0.0133 900
206.14 0.811
38 1850 0.0128
1.1080 0.0149 81.56
223.96
11 500 0.8448 0.0119 99.89 25 1200 0.8472 10
0.01341000210.84 0.817
39 1900 0.0130
1.1384 0.0150 100.03
222.18
12 550 0.8354 0.0120 110.06 26 1250 0.8584 11
0.01361100214.94 0.829
40 1950 0.0132
1.1703 0.0151 119.90
220.16
13 600 0.8275 0.0121 120.08 27 1300 0.8711 12 1200
0.0137 218.45 0.847
41 2000 0.0134
1.2036 0.0153 140.95
217.92
14 650 0.8210 0.0122 129.90 28 1350 0.8853 0.01381300
13 221.38 0.871 0.0137 162.81
Pseudopresion-15414b
14 1400 0.901 0.0139 185.35
EJEMPLO: CALCULO DE LA PSEUDOPRESION 15 1500
16 1600
0.937
0.978
- METODO
0.0141
0.0143
208.35
231.62
CUADRATURA DE SIMPSON- 1/3 17 1700 1.026 0.0146 254.83
18 1800 1.079 0.0148 277.91
19 1900 1.138 0.0150 300.77
20 2000 1.204 0.0153 323.25
Simp- Pseudopresion-15414b
Aveg. 0.9197 0.0130
Simpson
N° Pres. Z Visc. Pseudp (MM)
1 100 0.973 0.0109 0.95
2 200 0.932 0.0112 3.86
3 300 0.897 0.0114 8.80
4 400 0.868 0.0116 15.84
5 500 0.845 0.0119 24.99
6 600 0.827 0.0121 36.18
7 700 0.816 0.0123 49.42
8 800 0.810 0.0125 64.60
9 900 0.811 0.0128 81.56
10 1000 0.817 0.0130 100.03
11 1100 0.829 0.0132 119.90
12 1200 0.847 0.0134 140.95
13 1300 0.871 0.0137 162.81
PSEUDOPRESION: DIAGRAMA
14 1400
15 1500
0.901
0.937
0.0139
0.0141
185.35
208.35
Método Simpson.
16 1600 0.978 0.0143 231.62
17 1700 1.026 0.0146 254.83
18 1800 1.079 0.0148 277.91
19 1900 1.138 0.0150 300.77
20 2000 1.204 0.0153 323.25
Simp- Pseudopresion-15414b
Aveg. 0.9197 0.0130
a x P b
0
N° Pres. Ecuacion Pseudp (MM) Diff.
S im p s o n f ( x )
1 100 1.04 0.95 -0.08
2 200 4.03 3.86 -0.17 D iff
3
4
300
400
8.91
15.65
-10 8.80
15.84
-0.11
0.19
5 500 24.22 24.99 0.77
6 600 34.61 36.18 1.57
7 700 46.80 49.42 2.62
8 800 60.78 -20 64.60 3.82
9 900 76.54 81.56 5.02
10 1000 94.07 100.03 5.95
11 1100 113.37 119.90 6.53
12 1200
13 1300
134.42
157.23
-30 140.95
162.81
6.53
5.58
14 1400 181.78 185.35 3.57
15 1500 208.06 208.35 0.29
16 1600 236.08 231.62 -4.46
17 1700 265.83 -40 254.83 -11.00
18 1800 297.31 277.91 -19.39
19 1900 330.50 300.77 -29.73
20 2000 365.41 323.25 -42.16
-50
a = 1.26 E-04
b = 1.96 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
See: Pseudopresion-15414.qpw
RESOLUCION DE LA INTEGRAL
DE PSEUDOPRESION
METODO TRAPEZOIDAL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
No Pres Z Visc. f(p)xM Prom. h Area Spress (MM)
1 14.7 1.0000 0.0107 2.74 0.00 0 0.00 0.00
2 50 0.9958 0.0108 9.27 6.01 50 0.30 0.30
3 100 0.9732 0.0109 18.78 14.03 50 0.70 1.00
4 150 0.9520 0.0111 28.50 23.64 50 1.18 2.18
5 200 0.9322 0.0112 38.41 33.46 50 1.67 3.86
EJEMPLO: CALCULO DE LA PSEUDOPRESION -
6
7
250
300
0.9140
0.8972
0.0113
0.0114
48.48
58.68
43.45
53.58
50
50
2.17
2.68
6.03
8.71
METODO TRAPEZOIDAL 8
9
350
400
0.8819
0.8681
0.0115
0.0116
68.96
79.29
63.82
74.12
50
50
3.19
3.71
11.90
15.61
10 450 0.8557 0.0117 89.61 84.45 50 4.22 19.83
11 500 0.8448 0.0119 99.89 94.75 50 4.74 24.57
12 550 0.8354 0.0120 110.06 104.98 50 5.25 29.81
13 600 0.8275 0.0121 120.08 115.07 50 5.75 35.57
N° Pres Z 14Visc. 650f(p)xM0.8210N° Pres
0.0122 Z
129.90 Visc.
124.99 f(p)xM
50 N°
6.25 Pres41.82 Z Visc. f(p)xM
1 14.7 1.0000 0.0107700 2.74
15 0.816015 700
0.0123 0.8160
139.45 0.0123
134.67 139.45
50 29
6.73 140048.550.9009 0.0139 223.75
2 50 0.9958 16
0.0108 750 0.812516
9.27 0.0124
750 148.68
0.8125 144.07
0.0124 50
148.68 7.20
30 145055.750.9180 0.0140 225.58
3 100 0.9732 17
0.0109 800 0.810417
18.78 0.0125
800 157.56
0.8104 153.12
0.0125 50
157.56 7.66
31 150063.410.9366 0.0141 226.89
18 850 0.8099 0.0126 166.02 161.79 50 8.09 71.50
4 150 0.9520 0.0111 900 28.50
19 0.810818 850
0.0128 0.8099
174.03 0.0126
170.03 166.02
50 32
8.50 155080.000.9567 0.0142 227.71
5 200 0.9322 0.0112950 38.41
20 0.813219 900
0.0129 0.8108
181.55 0.0128
177.79 174.03
50 33
8.89 160088.890.9782 0.0143 228.06
6 250 0.9140 21
0.01131000 48.480.817020 0.0130
950 188.54
0.8132 185.04 181.55
0.0129 50 9.25
34 165098.141.0012 0.0145 227.98
7 300 0.8972 22
0.01141050 0.822321
58.68 0.0131
1000 194.98
0.8170 191.76
0.0130 50
188.54 9.59
35 107.731.0257
1700 0.0146 227.50
23 1100 0.8291 0.0132 200.86 197.92 50 9.90 117.63
8 350 0.8819 0.0115 68.96 22 1050 0.8223 0.0131 194.98 36 1750 1.0517 0.0147 226.65
24 1150 0.8374 0.0133 206.14 203.50 50 10.17 127.80
9 400 0.8681 0.0116
25 1200 79.29
0.847223 1100
0.0134 0.8291
210.84 0.0132
208.49 200.86
50 37
10.42 1800
138.231.0791 0.0148 225.45
10 450 0.8557 0.01171250 89.61
26 0.858424 1150
0.0136 0.8374
214.94 0.0133
212.89 206.14
50 38
10.64 1850
148.871.1080 0.0149 223.96
11 500 0.8448 27
0.01191300 0.871125
99.89 0.0137
1200 218.45
0.8472 216.69
0.0134 50
210.84 10.83
39 159.701.1384
1900 0.0150 222.18
12 550 0.8354 28
0.01201350 0.885326
110.06 0.0138
1250 221.38
0.8584 219.91 214.94
0.0136 50 11.00
40 170.701.1703
1950 0.0151 220.16
29 1400 0.9009 0.0139 223.75 222.57 50 11.13 181.83
13 600 0.8275 0.0121 120.08 27 1300 0.8711 0.0137 218.45 41 2000 1.2036 0.0153 217.92
30 1450 0.9180 0.0140 225.58 224.67 50 11.23 193.06
14 650 0.8210 0.01221500129.90
31 0.936628 1350
0.0141 0.8853
226.89 0.0138
226.24 221.38
50 11.31 204.37
Pseudopresion-15414b 32 1550 0.9567 0.0142 227.71 227.30 50 11.37 215.74
33 1600 0.9782 0.0143 228.06 227.89 50 11.39 227.13
34 1650 1.0012 0.0145 227.98 228.02 50 11.40 238.53
35 1700 1.0257 0.0146 227.50 227.74 50 11.39 249.92
36 1750 1.0517 0.0147 226.65 227.07 50 11.35 261.28
37 1800 1.0791 0.0148 225.45 226.05 50 11.30 272.58
38 1850 1.1080 0.0149 223.96 224.70 50 11.24 283.81
39 1900 1.1384 0.0150 222.18 223.07 50 11.15 294.97
40 1950 1.1703 0.0151 220.16 221.17 50 11.06 306.02
41 2000 1.2036 0.0153 217.92 219.04 50 10.95 316.98
Trap- Pseudopresion-15414b
Avg. 0.9197 0.0130
PSEUDOPRESION: DIAGRAMA
Desviación Ecuación – Trapezoidal.
a x P b 1 .4 6 E 0 4 x P 1 .9 3
40
30
20
10
D iff
T r a p e z o id a l f ( x )
0
-10
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Pseudopresion-15414.qpw
a x P b
L og a bL og P
Métodos Numéricos y programación Fortran; Daniel D. McCracken y William S. Dorn, editorial Limusa, 1977.
b= 1.957649
Log Log
Pres Pseu
N° Pres. Pseudp (MM) x y x2 xy Verifica Diff.
1 100 0.95 2.00 -0.02 4.00 -0.04 1.0 -0.08
2 200 3.86 2.30 0.59 5.29 1.35 4.0 -0.17
3 300 8.80 2.48 0.94 6.14 2.34 8.9 -0.11
4 400 15.84 2.60 1.20 6.77 3.12 15.6 0.19
5 500 24.99 2.70 1.40 7.28 3.77 24.2 0.77
6 600 36.18 2.78 1.56 7.72 4.33 34.6 1.57
7 700 49.42 2.85 1.69 8.09 4.82 46.8 2.62
8 800 64.60 2.90 1.81 8.43 5.26 60.8 3.82
9 900 81.56 2.95 1.91 8.73 5.65 76.5 5.02
10 1,000 100.03 3.00 2.00 9.00 6.00 94.1 5.95
11 1,100 119.90 3.04 2.08 9.25 6.32 113.4 6.53
12 1,200 140.95 3.08 2.15 9.48 6.62 134.4 6.53
13 1,300 162.81 3.11 2.21 9.70 6.89 157.2 5.58
14 1,400 185.35 3.15 2.27 9.90 7.14 181.8 3.57
15 1,500 208.35 3.18 2.32 10.09 7.36 208.1 0.29
16 1,600 231.62 3.20 2.36 10.27 7.58 236.1 -4.46
17 1,700 254.83 3.23 2.41 10.44 7.77 265.8 -11.00
18 1,800 277.91 3.26 2.44 10.60 7.96 297.3 -19.39
19 1,900 300.77 3.28 2.48 10.75 8.13 330.5 -29.73
20 2,000 323.25 3.30 2.51 10.90 8.28 365.4 -42.16
Sumatorias: 58.39 36.31 172.81 110.63
Pseudopresion-15414b
Procedimiento:
10 x P a b
1 100 0.95 2.00 -0.02 4.00 -0.04 1.0 -0.08
2 200 3.86 2.30 0.59 5.29 1.35 4.0 -0.17
3 300 8.80 2.48 0.94 6.14 2.34 8.9 -0.11
4 400 15.84 2.60 1.20 6.77 3.12 15.6 0.19
L og a bL og P
5 500 24.99 2.70 1.40 7.28 3.77 24.2 0.77
6 600 36.18 2.78 1.56 7.72 4.33 34.6 1.57
7 700 49.42 2.85 1.69 8.09 4.82 46.8 2.62
8 800 64.60 2.90 1.81 8.43 5.26 60.8 3.82
9 900 81.56 2.95 1.91 8.73 5.65 76.5 5.02
10 1,000 100.03 3.00 2.00 9.00 6.00 94.1 5.95
11 1,100 119.90 3.04 2.08 9.25 6.32 113.4 6.53
12 1,200 140.95 3.08 2.15 9.48 6.62 134.4 6.53
13 1,300 162.81 3.11 2.21 9.70 6.89 157.2 5.58
14 1,400 185.35 3.15 2.27 9.90 7.14 181.8 3.57
15 1,500 208.35 3.18 2.32 10.09 7.36 208.1 0.29
16 1,600 231.62 3.20 2.36 10.27 7.58 236.1 -4.46
17 1,700 254.83 3.23 2.41 10.44 7.77 265.8 -11.00
18 1,800 277.91 3.26 2.44 10.60 7.96 297.3 -19.39
19 1,900 300.77 3.28 2.48 10.75 8.13 330.5 -29.73
20 2,000 323.25 3.30 2.51 10.90 8.28 365.4 -42.16
Sumatorias: 58.39 36.31 172.81 110.63
Pseudopresion-15414b
a
y x x x y
2
a
3 6 . 3 1 x 1 7 2 .8 1 4 5 8 . 3 8 6 x 1 1 0 . 6 3 4
3 .8 9 9 5
n x x 2 0 x 1 7 2 .8 1 4 5 8 . 3 8 6
2 2
2
b
n x y x y b
2 0 .0 x 1 1 0 .6 3 4 5 8 .3 8 6 x 3 6 .3 1 0
1 .9 5 7 6
n x x 2 0 x 1 7 2 .8 1 4 5 8 . 3 8 6
2 2
2
4
1 .2 6 0 4 x 1 0 P 1 .9 5 7 6
SOLUCION
Ecuación de Darcy, en términos de Pseudopresión,
condiciones Standard.
703kh( w )
q
TLn( rr )
SC
7 0 3 k h ( P e 2 P w2 )
q SC
T z L n e r
r
w
1 2 6 .0 5 P 1 .9 5 7 7
1 1 8 .4 P 1 .9 6 7
0 . 7 0 3 k h ( P e 2 P w2 )
q SC
T z L n e r
r
w
FLUJO EN EL RESERVORIO Y ACCIÓN
DEL ACUÍFERO.
VARIABLES ADIMENSIONALES
SUMARIO (Tabla 8.1).
Referencia: "Natural Gas Engineering, Production and Storage", Donald L. Katz and Robert L. Lee, 1990 by
McGraw Hill Inc. USA. (File: Katz-Ch8-9c-327-422a.pdf).
EJEMPLO DE APLICACION DE VARIABLES ADIMENSIONALES
DESARROLLAR EN CASA