Digital Electronics

Electronics Technology

Landon Johnson

Shift Registers
 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

SMALL SCALE INTEGRATION MEDIUM SCALE INTEGRATION LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION

LESS THAN 12 GATES 12 TO 99 GATES 100 TO 9999 GATES

ENCODERS SHIFT MULTIPLEXERS SMALL

GATES FLIP FLOPS ADDERS MEMORY
DECODERS REGISTERS DEMULTIPLEXERS MICROPROCESSORS
 Shift Register Competencies
39. Without references, the student will define the term
“Serial Data Transmission” with 100% accuracy.

40. Without references, the student will define the term

“Parallel Data Transmission” with 100% accuracy.

41. Without references, the student will define the acronym

“SISO” with 100% accuracy.

42. Without references, the student will define the acronym

“SIPO” with 100% accuracy.
 Shift Register Competencies
43. Without references, the student will define the acronym
“PISO” with 100% accuracy.

44. Without references, the student will define the acronym

“PIPO” with 100% accuracy.

45. Given a specified register, the student will draw the

register with 100% accuracy

46. Given a specified SISO or SIPO register, the student will

state the number of pulses to completely load the register with
100% accuracy.
Lab 18.

PARALLEL SHIFT REGISTER

S S S
J Q J Q J Q
CP CP CP
K QN K QN K QN
R R R

S S S
D Q D Q D Q
CP QN CP QN CP QN
R R R
 Lab 18.

SERIAL SHIFT REGISTER

data S S S S
J Q J Q J Q J Q
in CP
K QN
CP
K QN
CP
K QN
CP
K QN
R R R R

clear
clk
SHIFT REGISTER VOCABULARY
REGISTER- group of flip flops capable of storing data.

SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION- transfer of data from one place to

another one bit at a time.

PARALLEL DATA TRANSMISSION- simultaneous transfer of all bits

of a data word from one place to another.

SISO- SERIAL IN/SERIAL OUT- type of register that can be loaded

with data serially and has only one serial output.

SIPO- SERIAL IN/PARALLEL OUT- type of register that can be

loaded with data serially and has parallel outputs available.

PISO- PARALLEL IN/SERIAL OUT- type of register that can be

loaded with parallel data and has only one serial output.

PIPO- PARALLEL IN/PARALLEL OUT- type of register that can be

loaded with parallel data and has parallel outputs available.
Lab 27.

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT REGISTERS

•74194A BIDIRECTIONAL UNIVERSAL SHIFT REGISTER

LAB 27 b.SERIAL OPERATION

D
74LS194 C
CP D3
D2 B
S1 D1
S0 D0 A
DSR Q3
DSL Q2
Q1
MR Q0
 OVERVIEW OF
SHIFT REGISTERS
• A shift register is a sequential logic device
made up of flip-flops that allows parallel or
serial loading and serial or parallel outputs
as well as shifting bit by bit.
• Common tasks of shift registers:
– Serial/parallel data conversion
– UART (an example)
– Time delay
– Ring counter
– Twisted-ring counter or Johnson counter
– Memory device
CHARACTERISTICS OF
SHIFT REGISTERS
•Number of bits (4-bit, 8-bit, etc.)
•Loading
– Serial
– Parallel (asynchronous or synchronous)
•Common modes of operation.
– Parallel load
– Shift right-serial load
– Shift left-serial load
– Hold
– Clear
•Recirculating or non-recirculating
 SERIAL/PARALLEL
DATA CONVERSION
Shift registers can be used to convert from serial-
to-parallel or the reverse from parallel-to-serial.

Parallel out
Parallel out

11 0 11 00 11 11 11 11 Serial out
Serial in 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 Serial out

Parallel in
SERIAL LOAD SHIFT REGISTER
Parallel outputs here.
Order= A B C D
1 1
0 0 0
1 0
1
Data =
Data =01
Inputs here: 4-bit
Clock input: serial-in
(1) Data Clock Pulse 2
Positive-edge
Clock Pulse 1
3
4
6
7
5
8 parallel out
(2) Clock
Clear input:
triggering shift right
(3) Clear
Active = 0 =1
Clear 0 shift register
Deactivated = 1

Note the use of D FFs.

Clock (CLK) inputs wired in parallel.
Clear (CLR) inputs can be activated with LOW
or disabled with HIGH.
Preset (PS) inputs deactivated.
 TEST
QUESTION #7 #2
#3
#4
#6
#5
QUESTION #1
What is the 4-bit output (bit A on left, D on right) after pulse 6?
1?
2?
3?
5?
4?
This is a ___ type shift register.
A. Serial-in, parallel out
A: Serial-in,A:
A:parallel-out
0100
1000
1100
0000
0010
1001
B. Parallel-in, serial-out

Data
Data =
Data
Data ==1
1
00
1

Clock
ClockPulse
Clock
Clock Pulse
Pulse26
Pulse 4
13
5

Clear
Clear =
Clear
Clear ==1
1
01
1
PARALLEL LOAD SHIFT REGISTER
Outputs here.
Order= A B C D

Parallel data
inputs

(Active LOW)
Recirculating
lines:
Clock input- H-to-L Pass data
Note thefrom
FFD to FFA
recirculating
on each
lines.
Clear input- Active LOW clock pulse.

Note the use of J-K FFs.

Clock (CLK) inputs wired in parallel.
Clear (CLR) input activated with LOW.
Parallel load inputs (A,B,C,D) are active LOW.
 RECIRCULATING
SHIFT REGISTER
11
0 00
101
Parallel
Paralleldata
datainputs=
inputs=
only
C& allD
D
Binactive
activated
activated
active

Clock
Clockpulse
pulse8 7
1
2
3
5
6
4

Clear
Clearinput=
input=1 0
1
 UNIVERSAL SHIFT REGISTER IC
Outputs here

Clear input
Serial data Rightactive
input LOW
used during
Serial Load Right
mode ofdata
Parallel operation
inputs

Order: A, B, C, D
during data
Serial Leftloading
Parallel input
used during
Serial Load Left
mode of operation
Clock input
Mode
L-to-HControls:
triggering

Hold
Parallel load
Shift right
Shift left

74194 Universal 4-bit Shift Register IC.

Modes of operation: Hold, Parallel load, Shift right & Shift left.
An active LOW Clear (CLR) input overrides all others.
 USING THE 74194
SHIFT REGISTER IC
1 0
0 1 1
0 0
1
CLR = 1
0

Serial R = X
0

Parallel Load=
01010

Serial L = 0
X
1

Clock pulse 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(L-to-H)

S0= 0
1

S1= 1
0

X = Irrelevant
 TEST
QUESTION
QUESTION#3 #1
#2
#5
#6
#7
QUESTION #4- What is the mode of operation during and the output of the
The
What
What74194
isisthe
the
IC
mode
mode
could
of
ofbe
operation
operation
described
during
during
as a 4-bit
and
andthe
the
(shift
output
output
right,
ofof
universal)
the
the
shift register after pulse 3?
shift
shiftregister
register.
registerafter
afterpulse
pulse2?
1?
4?
5?
6?
A:A:A:A: A:right,
Parallel
A:
Shift
Shift
Clear,
Hold,Universal
left,
load,
00001
0001
0
0010
1
101
00

? ? ? ?
CLR =
CLR =10
1

X
Serial R = 0

Parallel Load=
Parallel Load=
01
0 10
00 0

Serial L = X
1

1
2
4
Clock pulse 6
3
5
(L-to-H)
(L-to-H)

1
S0= 0

0
S1= 1
SIMPLE TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS

• Feel top of IC to determine if it is hot

• Look for broken connections, signs of
excessive heat
• Smell for overheating
• Check power source
• Trace path of logic through circuit
• Know the normal operation of the circuit