7.

2 REALISM AND
MODERNISM
 LEARNING TARGETS:
Explain how art reflects the WELCOME!
changes of the 20th century society. AGENDA:
Describe the motivations for New 1. 7.2 Realism and
Imperialism. Modernism
2. Begin 7.3 New
SUCCESS CRITERIA: Imperialism
Identify and differentiate between
realism and modernism. 3.Friday: Quiz 11
Explain reasons why New and HI7A due
Imperialism occurred and how it is
different from Old Imperialism.
CONTEXT?
 REALISM vs MODERNISM
• 19th century
• Depicts physical world with
scientific objectivity
• Portrays hypocrisy,
brutality, and dullness of
bourgeois life
• 1870s onward
• New aesthetic forms
• Elevate experience above
accurate portrayal of
reality
• Concerned with beauty
 REALISM
• Rejected Romanticism
• Themes:
• Dreary side of life, but unsure whether something better is
possible
• Humans subject to passions and pressures Society perpetuates
evil
• Alcoholism, prostitution, adultery, labor strife
 REALISM
• Authors:
• Charles Dickens
• Gustave Flaubert
• Emile Zola
• Henrik Ibsen
• George Bernard Shaw
 CHARLES BAUDELAIRE
• Les Fleurs du Mal, 1857
 TO THE READER
Folly, depravity, greed, mortal sin
Invade our souls and rack our flesh; we feed
Our gentle guilt, gracious regrets, that breed
Like vermin glutting on foul beggars' skin.
Our sins are stubborn; our repentance, faint.
We take a handsome price for our confession,
Happy once more to wallow in transgression,
Thinking vile tears will cleanse us of all taint.
On evil's cushion poised, His Majesty,
Satan Thrice-Great, lulls our charmed soul, until
He turns to vapor what was once our will:
Rich ore, transmuted by his alchemy.
He holds the strings that move us, limb by limb!
We yield, enthralled, to things repugnant, base;
Each day, towards Hell, with slow, unhurried pace,
We sink, uncowed, through shadows, stinking, grim.
Like some lewd rake with his old worn-out whore,
Nibbling her suffering teats, we seize our sly
delight, that, like an orange—withered, dry—
We squeeze and press for juice that is no more.
Our brains teem with a race of Fiends, who frolic
thick as a million gut-worms; with each breath,
Our lungs drink deep, suck down a stream of
Death—
Dim-lit—to low-moaned whimpers melancholic.
 REALIST ART
• Precise imitation of visual
perceptions
• Subjects:
• Facts of modern world as personally
experienced
• Peasants, urban working class
Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers
Gustave Courbet, Burial at Ornans
The Barbizon School
 REALISM vs MODERNISM
• 19th century
• Depicts physical world with
scientific objectivity
• Portrays hypocrisy,
brutality, and dullness of
bourgeois life
• 1870s onward
• New aesthetic forms
• Elevate experience above
accurate portrayal of
reality
• Concerned with beauty
 MODERNISM IN LITERATURE
• Critical of middle-class society and morality
• Concern for the beautiful
• Break the received forms
and create new forms
• Authors:
• Virginia Woolf
• Marcel Proust
• James Joyce
 IMPRESSIONISM
• Focus on modern life – social • Artists:
and leisure activities of the • Edouard Manet
urban middle classes • Claude Monet
• Light and color –painting as a • Pierre-Auguste Renoir
momentary, unfocused, visual • Edgar Degas
experience
Edouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Beregere
Edouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass
Claude Monet, Sunrise
Auguste Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette
Edgar Degas, Ballerina series
 POSTIMPRESSIONISM
• Several styles derived from or • Artists:
in reaction to impressionism • Georges Seurat
• Relate achievement of • Paul Cezanne
impressionism to earlier • Vincent Van Gogh
artistic traditions • Paul Gauguin
• Younger artists
Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon...
Paul Cezanne, Les Grandes Baigneuses
Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night
Paul Gaugin, When Will You Marry, The Yellow Christ
 CUBISM
• Radical new departure in • Artists:
early 20th century art • Georges Braque
• Rejected painting as a • Pablo Picasso
depiction of the real
world
Georges Braque,
Girl with a Cross
Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, Girl with a
Mandolin
Pablo Picasso, Guernica
FAUVISM
• Avante
garde
• Henri
Matisse
• Color
without
regard to actual appearance