Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer

Lecture 2

6th semester
Review of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the science of energy.
Thermodynamics

Therme Energy Conversion Dynamics

(Heat) (Power)

• Work and Heat: Energy Interactions or Boundary Interactions

• Thermodynamics is concerned with equilibrium states of matter

• Determines amount of heat required for a system to pass from

one equilibrium state to another.
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Inabilities of Thermodynamics

• How Heat is Exchanged?

• Rate of Heat Exchange?

• Quantify the rate of heat exchange?

Q: What is the difference between heat capacity and

thermal conductivity of a material?

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Heat Transfer
• Heat transfer (or heat) is thermal energy in transit
due to a spatial temperature difference.

• Heat transfer is the study of how energy is

transferred due to a temperature difference.

• Whenever there exists a temperature difference in

a medium or between media, heat transfer must
occur.

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How Heat is Transferred?
Modes of Heat Transfer

Conduction Convection Radiation

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Conduction
Conduction is the transfer of energy from the more
energetic to the less energetic particles of a substance
due to interactions between the particles.

High energy
particles
due to T1

Less energy
particles
due to T2

Stationary Walls of the container

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Conduction

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Convection
Energy transfer due to energy transfer by
random molecular + the bulk motion of
motion(diffusion) the fluid

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Types of Convection Heat Transfer