ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING Presented by:

Chok Zhen Peng

DIODE (OLED) (025054)
 Originate from the class LEDs but with lower power
consumption and combination of great colours.
 Work on the principle of electroluminescence: Optical &
electrical phenomenon wherein certain materials emit light in
response to an electric current passing through it.
 Are used to create digital displays in device such as TVs,
computer monitors, smartphone displays etc.
 These diodes are about 100nm – 500nm thick, which are 200
times smaller than human hair.
 OLEDs are very expensive because they use ink-jet printing
technology and sprays conductive polymer substances instead
of ink.
 Bright & Clear
 Thin
 Light in weight
 Efficient viewing angle
 Require no backlight for functioning, reducing power
consumption
 No mercury is required, eliminating disposal & pollution
problems associated with the fluorescent lighting
 Lesser life time than LCDs
 Expensive and complex to fabricate
 Can be easily damaged by water, so extra protection is
required
• Cathode – Injects
electrons when a
current flows
through the device.
May be
transparent or
opaque,
depending on the
type of OLED.
Materials used to
build this layer are
usually aluminium,
barium, calcium,
magnesium
 Emissive layer –
made up of
organic
molecules which
transport
electrons from the
cathode. One
example polymer
used is
polyfluorene.
 Conductive layer
– made up of
organic plastic
such as
polyaniline which
transport the
holes from anode
layer.
 Anode – a
transparent layer
which removes
electrons or adds
“holes” when a
current flows through
the device. Material
for this layer is
usually Indium tin
oxide.
 Substrate – a thin
sheet of glass or clear
plastic with
transparent
conductive layer
which supports the
OLED structure.
 When power is applied to an OLED, the emissive layer
becomes negatively charged and the conductive layer
becomes positively charged.
 At the boundary between the emissive and the conductive
layers, the electrons move from the negative emissive layer to
the positive conductive layer, leading to a change in electrical
levels and creating radiation that varies in frequency range of
visible light.
1. PMOLED – Easy to fabricate and most efficient for small
screens. Found in cellphones, MP3 players.
2. AMOLED – Consumes less power than PMOLEDs and
efficient for large displays. Found in monitors, large screen
TV, billboards.
3. Transparent OLED – Light-weight and portable. Found in
heads-up display, glasses.
4. Foldable OLED – Light-weight and ultra thin. Can be used in
building screen to reduce the possibility of breakage.
5. White OLED – Only emits white light. Can be used to replace
fluorescent light, reducing the power consumption.