Lab(4)

Practical Parasites
The second stage
Assistant Lecturer
Muna Hashim
2014
Parasites are divided into three main phylum:

1.Protozoa 2.Helminths 3.Arthropods

Protozoa divided into three classes

Apicomplexa Ciliophora Sarcomastigophora

Phylum : Helminthes
Class:
Platyhelminthes Nemathelminthes

Cestoda Trematoda Nematoda

Schistosoma sp. Entrobuis vermicularis

Taenia sp. and
and
Echinococcus granulosis
Ascaris lumbricoides
 NEMATODES

Ascaris lumbricoides

Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Common name:- Giant Intestinal round worms.

Disease:-Ascariaisis

Host :- The human is intermediate and final host.

Location in Definitive host :-

the adult worm: in small intestines .

 larva: in lung .

Infective stage :- Ovum

 Characteristics Female

1.Size 200 –350 mm X 4- 6 mm

2.Color Ivory mixed light red
3.Posterior end Straight
4. Spicules Absent
5.Papillae Absent

Ascaris Lumbricoides female

 Characteristics Male

1.Size 150 – 200 X 2 -4 mm

2.Color Reddish pink
3.Posterior end Curved
4. Spicules Has two spicules
5.Papillae Has many from papillae
Ascaris Lumbricoides
male
Ascaris Worms in Intestine
Round worms
 The Eggs
Eggs

Unfertilized Fertilized

Corticated Decorticated
 Fertilized egg( corticated egg)

1.Size:- 45-75 mm by 35-50 mm.

2.Shape:-Rounded or oval
3. Shell:-Thick,consisting of 3 layers : (Inner layer ) consist of
thin yolk Membrane ,(Mid layer) thick ,(Outer
layer ) coarse consist of regular Albuminous,There is
crescent shaped clear space at the each end inside the
shell.
4.Colour:-Golden brown.
 ( outer layer) coarse
( regular Albuminous )

(Inner layer)
the thin yolk membrane

( mid layer) thick

Embryo

Crescent space
Decorticated Egg
fertilized eggs sometimes
may lack the outer
albuminous layer and
are colorless.
Unfertilized eggs : elongated and larger than fertile egg
1.Size:- 85-95 mm by 43-47 mm.
2.Shape:- Elongated oval
3.Shell:-Thin ,not has inner layer , irregular
albuminous layer , not has Crescent space.
 Modes of transmission
 Occurs mainly by ingestion of contaminated
food or water with eggs.
 Occasionally by inhalation of contaminated dust
with eggs.
 Children playing in contaminated soil may
acquire the parasite from their hands.
 Diagnosis
The diagnosis depends on the Identify worm or
egg:-
 The Stool examination : for seeing the adult
worm or egg .
 The sputum examination :for seeing larva
during migration in the lung.
 Eosinophilia as indicator on parasitic
infection .
 280
life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides
Enterobius vermicularis
 Known name:- pin worm
Disease:- Enterobiaisis
Host :- human is intermediate and final host.
Location in Definitive host :
The adult worms inhabit in the cecum and the
colon.
Infective stage :- Ovum
 Morphology
Enterobius vermicularis Adult Male
1 to 4 mm long and has the posterior end curved
strongly and has a single spicule .
 Enterobius vermicularis Adult Female
8 to 13 mm in long , the posterior end extends like thread, not
has spicule .
 Egg
Size:-50 to 60 by 20 to 30 µm
Color:- Colorless
Shape:- like letter (D) flat of one side and convex of another side
Shell:- Thick double wall .

Thick,Double walled shell

Developing embryo
 Ascaris

Enterobius vermicularis

Anal smear showing large numbers of Enterobius

eggs under the lower power. In the background
are also two Ascaris eggs.
 Mode of transmission
 Ingestion of contaminated food or water with eggs
 Air inhalation that contaminated with eggs.
Self-infection may also occur if transfer the
eggs to themouth by fingers that have scratched
the perianal area.
 Diagnosis

Diagnosis are often clinically by observing the

female worm (or many worms) in the perianal

region, but can also be using the "scotch-tape"

test, or swab of stool.