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Feed Permeate
Reject
Why Membrane
Technology ?
Compact, Small foot-print Increasing Applicability
Good solid-liquid, liquid-liquid separation, Clean technology with operational ease.
Demand for higher quality products Compact and modular design (using less space
Energy consumption is generally low than traditional methods).
No phase and temperature change Produce high-quality products due to the high
selectivity of the membranes.
Easy for reuse, recycle
Allow the recovery of salable by-products from
Increased regulatory pressures
waste streams, which increases their profitability.
The rising interest in preserving natural resources
Greater flexibility in designing systems.
Environmental and economic sustainability.
Easy incorporation to presently existing plants
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal
UseIncreasing applicability
There are various methods to enable substances to penetrate a membrane.
( where does the energy come from
Hollow Fiber
HOLLOW FIBER module
Spiral wound
module
According to
Geometric Shape, FLAT SHEET
membranes can be
classified in
Plate and Frame
module
Tubular
TUBULAR module
Is a type of physical filtration process where a contaminated fluid is passed through a special pore-sized
membrane to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid.
Pore size range:10 um (starches) to aprx :0.1 um (DNA, Viruses, and globular proteins)
serves as a pre-treatment for other separation processes such as ultrafiltration, and a post-treatment for
granular media filtration.
In terms of molecular weight these membranes can separate macromolecules generally less than 100,000
g/mol.
Single bore
Pressurized
• Reverse Osmosis is a modern process technology by which water of high solute concentration is
forced to flow through a semi-permeable membrane to the side of low solute concentration.
• Semi-permeable refers to a membrane that selectively allows certain species to pass through it while
retaining others.
• that is very effective in removing almost all inorganic contaminants and dissolved solids in fluids
DILUTE CONCENTRATED
SOLUTION SOLUTION
P >
Reversing osmotic flow by applying a pressure in
excess of the osmotic pressure
Note : Variation in these parameters should be noted and odours, traces of industrial pollutant,
clay, sand, rust, or other unusual characteristics should be described.
Parameter Value
PH 3 – 10
Temperature < 45 C
Turbidity < 1.0 NTU
Silt density index < 4.0
Oil & grease Nil
Free chlorine < 0.01 mg/l
Fe, Mn < 0.01 mg/l
Membrane manufactures
Dow Filmtec.,U.S.A.
Fluid systems U.S.A.
Hydranautics U.S.A.
Osmonics inc U.S.A.
Trisep USA.
Saehan KOREA
Pore Size Range 0.01 - 1.0 0.001 - 0.01 0.0001 - 0.001 <0.0001
(micrometers)
Molecular Weight Cutoff >100,000 2,000 - 100,000 300 - 1,000 100 - 200
Range (Daltons)
Operating Pressure Range <30 20 - 100 50 - 300 225 - 1,000
DESALATION Cartridge
Product SECTION High pressure filter
water Membrane modules pump
Waste
brine
Osmotic Pressure – the amount of pressure that must be applied to stop the natural process of
Osmosis
Permeate – the water that passes through a nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO)
membrane
Brine – a saline solution with a concentration of dissolved solids exceeding that of seawater
(i.e.,approximately 35,000 mg/L)
Flux – the throughput of a pressure-driven membrane filtration system expressed as flow per unit
of membrane area (e.g., gallons per square foot per day (gfd) or liters per hour per square meter
(Lmh)
Recovery factor = Permeate flow rate/Feed flow rate * 100
Trans membrane Pressure (TMP) – the difference in pressure from the feed (or feed concentrate
average, if applicable) to the filtrate across a membrane barrier
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use