enzymes

enzymes
• Biocatalyst
• Are proteins
• Maximum activity at 35 -40°C
• Inactive at 0°C
• Beyond 65°C gets de nurtured
• Some have low while some have high
specificity
• Classified into different catagories-
1. Hydrolyse- for hydrolysis
2. Transferase- for transfering one group to
another
3. Oxido reductase- catalysis oxidation and
reduction reactions
4. Lyase-catalysis addition of groups across the
double bonds
 enzymes
• Amylopsin
• Ptylin
• Malt diatase
• Invertase
• Zymase
• Hemicyclase
• hylurodonase
 Proteolytic enzymes
• Trypsin
• Chimotrypsin
• Pepsin
• Renin
• Muramidase
• Fibrinolysin
• Furokainase
• Streptokainase
• Papin
• bromealin
 chymotrypsin
• Obtained from ox bos taurus
• Extracted from pancreas
• Crystalline or morphus
• Soluble in water
• Max activity at pH- 8
Uses-
• Opthlmology for disection of zonule of lenses
• Reduce soft tissue inflammation from
abscesses, ulcers fistulas, necrotic wounds
 Deoxy ribonuclease
• Synonym-
Pancreatic dornase
• Biological sources-
Nucleolytic enzyme prepared by fractional
precipitation of beef extract followed by
sterlization freeze drying
Properties-
White powder soluble in water
Stable in a dry form
Maximum activity at pH- 6-7
Magnesium ions are necessary for its
activation
Uses-
Local abscesse
 diatase
• Synonym- amylase
• Present in saliva
• Found in digestive tract of animal
Description-
• Yellowish white powder obtained from
infusion of malt
• Charateristic odour
• Soluble in water
• Precipitated using alchol
Properties-
• Thermolabile sensitive to temerature
• Activity is between 35°C to 40°C
• pH- 6-7
Uses-
As a digestant in fermentation processes
 fibronolysin
• Synonym- plasmin
• A proteolytic enzyme
• Obtained from activation of human
plasminogen
• White powder soluble in water
• Used for treatment of thrombotic disorder
 Hyaluronadase
• Sterile, dry, soluble enzyme preparation
obtained from bovine testes and semen by
fractional precipitation
• Odourless , white to yellow colour
• Highly soluble in water
• Acts on hyaluronic acid which is a
mucopolysacchrides
• It reduces the viscosity so that tissue becomes
easily permiable for injectable tissue fluids
 muramidase
• Synomym- lysozyme
• Mucolytic enzyme present in tears, lungs ,
serum, secretions of animals.
• Contain arginine, aspartic acid,tryptophan,
traces of tyrosin
• Used for treatment of bacterial infections and
viral infection
 Pancrealipase
• Contain many enzyme mainly lipase along
with protease and amylase
• More concerated form of pancratin
• Amorphous powder
• Characteristic odour
• Used for treatment of cronic pancreatitis
 prancreatin
• Excreated from pancreas of certain animal like
hog or ox
• Contain enzymes namely amalayse, protease ,
lipase
• Amorphus powder
• Charateristic odour
• Soluble in water insoluble in alcohol.
• White or buff coloured
• Maximum activity in alkaline pH
• Used in for treating fibrocytic diease of
pancreas
• Digestive aid
 Pepsin
• Proteolytic enzyme
• Present in GIT of animals
• Obtained from glandlur ayer of fresh stomach
of hog
• Pepsin is light buff or white colour
• It occur as translucent scales
• Slightly acidic in taste
• Soluble in water
• Meaty odour
• Maxium activity at pH1.8
• Degeades protein into peptone and protease
 Renin
• Partially purfied, milk curdling, proteolytic
enzyme
• Extracted from digesting stomach of calf
• Charcteristic saline taste
• Yellowish white or greyish white
• Used to prepare cheese
• Coagulate milk
• Make easily digestable for physically weak patient
 trypsin
• Proteolytic enzyme
• Mammilian pancreas
• Aqueous acid extraction from trypsinogen
• Crystalline or amorphus
• Yellowish powder
• Odourless
• Maxium activity at pH 7.6 – 8
 Urokinase
• Produce by kidney
• Obtained from human urine or kidney tissues
cultures
• Lyophillised powder
• Used for dissolves clot in anterior chamber of
eye
• Also used to dissolve blood clots