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GROUP 2
1. Putri Michaela. A
2. Ika amalia
3. Imron
4. Uswatul
5. Zaqia hanum
Case
A 54-year-old black woman is referred to the neurology clinic by her
general practitioner for evaluation of memory problems. The patient is
brought to the clinic by family members who are concerned that she
has been forgetful in the past year. They report that she has difficulty in
recalling birthdays and anniversaries and is not managing common
household tasks such as cooking and paying bills. The patient's sister
had onset of dementia in her early 40s and was institutionalised
because she was unable to care for herself. The patient was last seen
by her primary care physician 3 months ago, when she had a routine
work-up, which was reported to be unremarkable. Neurological examination
revealed no significant abnormalities. Neuropsychological testing
demonstrated severe impairment in executive function, deficits in visuo-spatial
testing, and delayed speed of processing information. Mini-Mental State \
Examination (MMSE) score is 20/30.
Key word
1. A 54-year-old black woman
2. Memory problems
3. Forgetful in the past year
4. The patient's sister had onset of dementia in her early 40s
5. The patient was last seen by her primary care physician 3 months
ago
6. Neurological examination revealed no significant abnormalities
7. Neuropsychological testing demonstrated severe impairment in
executive function, deficits in visuo-spatial testing, and delayed
speed of processing information
8. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score is 20/30
Problem
Memory problems
Hypothesis
A 54-year-old black woman is referred to the
neurology clinic by her general practitioner for
evaluation of memory problems due to
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Definition
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disease
and the most common cause of dementia. Dementia
is also caused by other diseases and conditions. It is
characterized by a decline in memory, language,
problem-solving and other cognitive skills that
affects a person’s ability to perform everyday
activities.
Cause
A small percentage of Alzheimer’s cases (an estimated 1
percent or less)develop as a result of mutations to any of three
specific genes. A genetic mutation is an abnormal change in the
sequence of chemical pairs that make up genes. These mutations
involve the gene for the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the
genes for the presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 proteins. Those inheriting
a mutation to the APP or presenilin 1 genes are guaranteed to
develop Alzheimer’s. Those inheriting a mutation in the presenilin 2
gene have a 95 percent chance of developing the disease.
Individuals with mutations in any of these three genes tend to
develop Alzheimer’s symptoms before age 65, sometimes as early
as age 30, while the vast majority of individuals with Alzheimer’s
have late-onset disease, occurring at age 65 or later.
symptom
The following are common symptoms of Alzheimer’s:
Memory loss that disrupts daily life.