BEHAVIORISM AND FOREIGN

LANGUAGE LEARNING

LECTURER:
Prof.Endang Fauziati, M.Hum
Presented By :
Bunga Nuur Primayu Utami
(S200170037)
There are 4 Expert in Behaviorism
Theory

1. Pavlov 2. Watson

3. 4. Skinner
Thorndike
Behaviorism also called Behavioral Psychology.The
approach is only concerned with observable
stimulus-response behaviorals and states all the
behavors are learned through interaction with the
environment

Basic Assumtion
All Behavior is learned from the
environment
 Stimulus and response
work together.
Pavlov His experiment in which
he trained a dog to
salivate when hearing a
tuning fork.
The salivation is the
response
The tuning fork (food) is
the stimulus
 Watson (1913) believes that
by the process of
conditioning we can build a
Watson set of stimulus –response
connections, and more
complex behaviors are
learned by building up series
of responses.
 For example
One infant named Albert who had previously liked
and attempted to pet a white rat was later conditioned
by Watson to come to fear it. This was done by
producing loud clanging noises whenever the rat was
brought into Albert's line of sight.

Because Watson repeatedly stimulated Albert to feel

fear when the rat was present.
 Thorndike
Learning is the process of
forming association or
Thorndike bonds, which he defined as
“ the connection of a
certain act with certain
situation and resultant
pleasure “ (1898).
Law of Readiness when the organism is
prepared to do some work, the act of doing
is satisfying, but when the organism does
not want to work, the result is dissatisfying.

Law of Exercise is the connections are

strengthened with practice and are
Three Laws weakened when practice is
discontinued.
of Learning Law of Effect means that when pleasant or
satisfying consequences follow a respond
and to be repeated. But, when painful
consequences attend a response it tends
to be eliminated
 Skiner’s Theory
Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning behaviors are manipulated
when they are followed by either positive or
negative reinforcement.
 Positive reinforcement increases desired
behaviors by following them with rewards.
For example, if rat food is dispensed every
time a rat pushes a pedal, it will repeatedly
push that same pedal to get more edible
treats. The action of pushing the pedal, the
desired behavior, has been reinforced with
food.
 Negative reinforcement increases desired
behaviors by allowing subjects to escape
punishment through their performance.

For example, if a rat received a painful

electrical jolt that would not cease unless it
pressed a pedal, it would begin to press it
quickly following each initial jolt to relieve its
pain. The action of pushing the pedal, the
desired behavior, has again been reinforced,
though by a different method then before.
Learning is the result of external factors operating on and shaping
the organism’s behavior. Given the proper reinforcement,
behavior will change.The learner responsds to a stimulus, and the
response must be active.
Stimulus  Organism Response

Reinforcement No Reinforcement / Negative

(Behavior likely to Reinforcement (Behavior not
occur again and likely to occur again)
become habit)
 The Application of Behaviorist
Theory in Foreign Language Learning

Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the 1950s and

1960s.
Thereare 2 concepts in ALM:
1. The Behaviorist stimulus-response
2. An assumption that second language learning
should reflect and imitate the perceived
processes of mother tongue learning.
 The Basic Information of ALM

 Audio-Lingual Method is an oral-based

approach.
 It drills students in the use of grammatical
sentence patterns.
 Based on behavioral psychology (Skinner).
 Conditioning →helping learners to respond
correctly to stimuli through shaping and
reinforcement.
 Habit-formation
 There are 12various pattern drills
used in ALM
1. Repetition
2. Inflection
3. Replacement
4. Restatement
5. Completion
6. Transpotition
7. Expansion
8. Contraction
9. Transformation
10. Intregation
11. Rejoinder
12. Restoration
 1. Repetition The students
repeat after the teacher says,
without looking the print out text.
2. Inflection  One word in an
utterence is replaced by another.
Example: I sit down in the chair
She sits down in the chair
3. Replacement: One word in an utterance
is replaced together.
T: John went to the Jogja
S: He went to the Jogja
4. Restatement one word in an utterance
and adresses it to someone else, according
to instructions
T: Tell him to wait for you
S: wait for me