DC GENERATOR

Submitted by,
N.PERUMAL MAGESH
M.Tech, I ST YEAR,
POWER ELECTRONICS & DRIVES,
 Outline
• INTRODUCTION
• CONSTRUCTION
• OPERATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
• An electrical Generator is a machine which converts
mechanical energy (or power) into electrical energy (or
power).
• In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device
that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy . A
generator forces electric charge (usually carried by
electrons) to flow through an external electrical circuit.
• It is analogous to a water pump, which causes water to flow
(but does not create water). The source of mechanical
energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine,
water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal
combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank,
compressed air or any other source of mechanical energy.
• The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical
energy is done by an electric motor
 HISTORY OF DC GENERATOR

• In the years of 1831–1832, Michael Faraday discovered the

operating principle of electromagnetic generators. The principle,
later called Faraday's law, is that an electromotive force is generated
in an electrical conductor that encircles a varying magnetic flux. He
also built the first electromagnetic generator, called the Faraday
disk, a type of homopolar generator, using a copper disc rotating
between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. It produced a small DC
voltage.
• Faraday disk, the first electric generator. The horseshoe-shaped
magnet (A) created a magnetic field through the disk (D).
When the disk was turned this induced an electric current
radially outward from the center toward the rim.

• The current flowed out through the sliding spring contact m,

through the external circuit, and back into the center of the
disk through the axle.
 PRINCIPLE
• It is based on the principle of production of dynamically (or
motionally) induced e.m.f (Electromotive Force). Whenever a
conductor cuts magnetic flux, dynamically induced e.m.f. is
produced in it according to Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic
Induction. This e.m.f. causes a current to flow if the conductor
circuit is closed.
• The basic essential parts of an electric generator are :
 A magnetic field and
 A conductor or conductors which can so move as to cut
the flux
CONSTRUCTION
• A single-turn rectangular copper coil abcd moving about its
own axis in a magnetic field provided by either permanent
magnets or electromagnets.
• The two ends of the coil are joined to two split-rings which are
insulated from each other and from the central shaft. Two
collecting brushes (of carbon or copper) press against the slip
rings.
OPERATION
• Induced voltage in a DC generator: E = B L v
(Faraday’s Law).
• For a DC generator, this equation can be
manipulated to give:
• Eo = Z N Φ / 60
• Eo = voltage between the brushes (V)
• N = speed of rotation (rpm)
• Φ = flux per pole (Wb)
• Z = total number of conductors on the armature*
• The number of conductors equals the number of
slots (coils) times the number of turns per coil
times two
• The alternating signal from the earlier AC generator
could be converted to DC using a rectifier
• A more efficient approach is to replace the two slip
rings with a single split slip ring called a commutator
• This is arranged so that connections to the coil are
reversed as the voltage from the coil changes polarity
hence the voltage across the brushes is of a single
polarity adding additional coils produces a more
constant output
Thank u
 Reference
• Electrical machines, volume II B.L.Theraja.
• Electrical machines, P.S.Bimbra.
• Electrical machines, by Nagrath & Gopal