Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : A.S.C. Bose
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Warangal
Year / Semester : VI Semester
Subject : Environmental Engineering II
Subject Code : C 605
Topic : Air Pollution
Duration : 50 min
Sub Topic : Air Pollution Control Methods II
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animations, Photographs
Revised by : G.Appa Rao
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 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able to :

• Understand the control of air pollution by controlling

devices and equipment

• Understand the control of air pollution by internal

separators / dry collection devices

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 RECAP

In the last class, we have discussed :

• Methods of control of air pollution

• Control of air pollution by zoning

• Control of air pollution by Prevention at source

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State the methods of control of air pollution

• By zoning

• By prevention at source

• By installation of controlling devices and equipment

• By vegetation

• By Stacks

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 Control of Air Pollution by controlling
devices and equipment

• The emission of particulate matter into the atmosphere

can be controlled by the installation of certain devices

and equipment

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 Factors affecting the selection of suitable
devices

• Characteristics of the gas carrying the particulate matter

• Operational factors

• Process factors

• Characteristics of particulate matter

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 Factors influencing the design of the
equipment

• Initial cost, operational and maintenance costs

• Space requirement of the controlling equipment

• Availability of materials for construction and operations

• Removal efficiency of the plant

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 Classification of the equipment

Based on the method of collection of particulate

matter, equipment is classified as

• Internal separators / Dry collection devices

• Wet collection devices

• Electrostatic precipitators

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Air pollution control by devices

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 Internal Separators

• Gravity settling chambers

• Louver collectors

• Cyclones

• Fabric filters

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GRAVITY SETTLING CHAMBER

Fig 2 GRAVITY SETTLING CHAMBER

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 Gravity settling chambers

• The setting chamber is the simplest and crudest of all

pollution control devices

• It can be used to separate out larger particles of about

100µ (micron) diameter effective size

• Specialized design models can collect up to 50 µ

(micron) diameter

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 Gravity settling chambers contd..

• It consists of an enclosed chamber with hopper bottom

into which dust laden air is sent

• Velocity of air is reduced considerably (0.3 to 3.0 m/sec)

due to increased cross section of flow

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 Gravity settling chambers contd..

• The particles settle down by gravity and get collected into

the hopper bottom

• Dust particles are removed though dust outlet and the

clean air flows out through the out let

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GRAVITY SETTLING CHAMBER

Fig 3
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 LOUVER COLLECTOR

Fig 4 LOUVER COLLECTOR

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 Louver Collector

Working Principle :

• This device works on the principle that the sudden

change of direction of gas stream separates the dust
particles

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 Louver collector contd..

• The dust particles have greater inertia

(eg : Accumulation of dust particles on the louvers

of an air cooler)

• As such, they can not suddenly change the direction

along with the gas stream
• As a result, they are separated from the gas
• The separated particles are collected in hopper and then
removed

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 Louver collector contd..

The Louver Collector consists of

• A container having inlet for dust laden gas

• Out let for dust free gas

• Another out let for the removal collected dust

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 Louver collector contd..

• At the points of change of direction, the dust particles

are separated

• These particles are collected at the bottom of hopper

and then removed through dust out let

• The dust free gas is let out through the outlet

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 Louver collector contd..

• Louvers or blades are fixed at an angle against the

normal path of gas

• Such an arrangement brings about deflection of the

gas stream suddenly

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CYCLONE COLLECTOR

Fig 5
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CYCLONE COLLECTOR

Fig 6
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 Cyclone collector
• It works on the principle of separating the particulate

matter from the gas, by converting the inlet gas stream

into a double vortex

• It is a stationary device with no moving parts

• The gas entering first spirals downward at inner surface

and then spirals upward at the central portion of the

cyclone
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 Cyclone collector contd…

• Hence, this is also called “reverse flow cyclone collector”

• Centrifugal force acting on the particles in the gas stream

push them towards cyclone wall

• Since the centrifugal force developed can be many times

more than that of gravity, very small particles can be

collected in a cyclone

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 Cyclone collector contd…

• For creating cyclonic motion of the gas, the dirty gas is

allowed to enter tangentially into the cyclone at top

• The cyclone can be oriented either in vertical or horizontal

direction

• However, in case of a cyclone collector, the dust outlet

must be at the bottom of the cyclone

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FABRIC FILTER

Fig 7
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 Fabric filter
• The fabric filter method is the most reliable method

• When the dust laden gas passes over fabric bags, the
direction of stream of gas is changed

• The inertial dust particles are caught by the bag and are
removed by various mechanisms like :

1) Interception

2) Inertial impaction

3) Diffusion

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 Fabric filter contd..

• The fabric filter bags are cleaned by sending

compressed air in the reverse direction and using a
shaking mechanism

• Dust is removed through dust outlet at the hopper

bottom

• Fabric filter is also called “Bag filter” or “Cloth filter”

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Fabric filters

Fig 8

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 SUMMARY Contd…

• Air Pollution can be Controlled by Controlling

devices and equipment
Controlling devices /equipment are classified into :

a) Internal separators

b) Wet collection devices

c) Electrostatic precipitators

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 SUMMARY Contd…

• Types of Internal separators :

a) Gravity settling chambers

b) Louver collectors

c) Cyclones

d) Fabric filters

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 QUIZ

1. The device in which the separation of dust

particles is brought about by sudden change of
direction of stream is

a) Fabric filter

b) Louver collector

c) Settling chamber

d) Electro static precipitator

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2. Separation of dust particles is done by reduction

of velocity and gravity in

a) Gravity Settling chamber

b) Cyclone

c) Louver collector

d) Precipitator

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3. Cyclone works on the principle of

a) Gravity

b) Charge

c) Centrifugal force

d) Filtration

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 Frequently Asked Questions
• Explain the working of a Gravity settling chamber with a

sketch

• Explain the working of a louver collector with a sketch

• Explain the working of Fabric filters

• Draw the sketch of cyclone collector and explain the

working

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