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Andhra Pradesh
NAME : K.Vasudeva Rao
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engg
Institute : Govt.Polytechnic, Srikakulam
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Construction Practice
Subject code : C406
Topic : Classification of Buildings
and foundations
Duration : 50 min
Sub Topic : Components of buildings and their
functions
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animations
Revised by : GVVL. Satyanarayana
9C406.1 1
Objectives
9C406.1 2
Definition of building as per NBC
building”
9C406.1 3
Main Parts of a Building
A Building has two basic parts.
2. Super Structure
9C406.1 4
Sub Structure
• Sub Structure or foundation is the lowest portion of
9C406.1 5
Super Structure
purpose.
9C406.1 6
Components of a Building
9C406.1 7
Component parts of building
• Foundation
• Plinth
• Masonry units : walls and pillars
• Sills, lintels, lofts and sunshades
• Floors & Roofs
• Doors, windows and other openings
• Vertical transportations
ex. Stairs, lifts & escalators
• Protective & decorative finishes
9C406.1 8
Components of a Building
9C406.1 9
Foundation
9C406.1 10
Functions of foundation
• The basic function of the foundation is to transmit all
the loads (dead loads, super-imposed loads, wind &
earth quake loads etc,.) acting on the super structure
to the soil on which the building rests
• To distribute the loads uniformly to the soil, to prevent
• unequal settlements of foundation
• To provide a level and hard surface for super structure
• To increase the stability of the structure against sliding
• and over turning
9C406.1 11
Plinth
• Plinth is defined as the portion of the structure
between the surface of the surrounding ground
and floor level of the building.
9C406.1 12
Functions of Plinth
9C406.1 13
Walls
9C406.1 14
Types of walls
walls
9C406.1 15
• Load bearing walls
These walls carry the entire load coming from roof
and transfer the same to plinth beneath it
9C406.1 16
• Non-load bearing walls
These walls are primarily meant for enclosing and
dividing the space (used in framed structures ) and
columns carry the entire load and transfer the same
to the foundation beneath it
9C406.1 17
Functions of walls
• To provide required privacy for various room in a
building
9C406.1 18
Columns
9C406.1 19
Doors
• Door is a wooden or metallic shutter fixed to a
building.
9C406.1 20
Windows and ventilators
9C406.1 21
Sill
• Sills protect the top of the wall from wear and tear
9C406.1 22
Lintel
9C406.1 23
Sunshades
9C406.1 24
Roof
• A roof is the uppermost part of a building,
9C406.1 25
Floor
9C406.1 26
Steps and Stairs
9C406.1 27
Function of stairs
various floors.
9C406.1 28
Finishes for building
• Plastering,
• Pointing,
• Painting,
• Cladding etc.,
9C406.1 29
Functions of finishes
workmanship
9C406.1 30
Summary
9C406.1 31
Quiz
9C406.1 32
Quiz
9C406.1 33
Frequently asked questions
9C406.1 34