Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Presented by,
Rahmatullah Vinjhar
MSN ( First Semester) PNS LUMHS Jamshoro.
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Facilitator: Ms.Almas Ghaffar
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session the learner will be to:
Describe the credentials and back ground of Theorist.
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CREDENTIALS AND BACK GROUND OF THEORIST.
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OCCUPATION/EMPLOYMENT
Emeritus Professor of Nursing,
Professor of Psychology;
Founding Director, Center on Infant Mental Health and
Development, University of Washington, Seattle.
Training)
PCI (Parent-Child Interaction Model)
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PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION MODEL
Primary focus- Relationship between the parent, child, and
environment
Believes parent-infant system is influenced by individual
characteristics of each member.
Both, the parent and the child are influenced and affected by each
other (Fine, 2002).
Characteristics can be altered or modified to meet the needs (Fine,
2002)
Interactions evolve over time (Salonen, 2010).
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Environmental factors are critical to a child’s metal well being
FIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE PCI
1. Infant’s clarity in sending cues
2. Infants responsiveness to the parent
3. Parents sensitivity to the child’s cues
4. Parent’s ability to recognize and alleviate the infant’s distress
5. Parent’s social , emotional, and cognitive growth-fostering
activities (Huber, 1991)
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VARIABLES EXCLUSIVE TO THE PCI MODEL
A. Identification of problems before they develop
B. Social-environmental factors are important in determining child
health outcomes
C. Brief observations can provide a valid sample
D. Caregivers are unique
E. Caregiver and child, both are influenced by each other( Fine,
2002)
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VARIABLES EXCLUSIVE TO THE PCI MODEL
F. The process of adaptation is more modifiable than the foundation
G. Child-initiated behaviors are important learning opportunities
H. Nurturing relationships are valuable
I. The child’s social environment is important to assess.
J. Physical environment is also important (Fine, 2002).
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NURSING THEORIES ARE ROOTED IN FOUR META-
PARADIGMS
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IMPLICATION OF MODEL
PCI model facilitates the prevention of problem before it happens.
Facilitates a change in the environment thus improving conditions
to promote growth and development (Masters, 2012)
Facilitates patient advocacy and early intervention
Nurses provide support to the mother’s sensitivity and responses to
the infant cues.
Turns nurses mind toward orienting on the patient rather than the
procedure (Melmed, 2009).
Helps to evaluate mothers for the Early Head Start program
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STRENGTHS
Short amount of administration time
Simplicity of use
Ability to be conducted around a child’s normal activities of eating and/ or
playing without requiring interruption of his or her daily pattern (Huber,
1991).
May be used in children up to 3 years of age
Barnard’s model can also be applied by many other healthcare professionals
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LIMITATIONS
Health, nursing therapeutics, and client transitions are not well
defined (Wojnar, 2008)
Model remains population specific (Masters, 2012).
Limited, or too specific, to meet the needs of a wide range of nurses
and the patients they care for (Chinn & Kramer, 1995)
The nurse gives support to the mother’s sensitivity and response to
her infant’s cues rather than trying to change her mothering
characteristics or parenting style.
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FUTURE OF NURSING PRACTICE
Barnard’s models have been used since the 1970’s.
Her knowledge will continue to be used in practice and research
pertaining to the parent-child interaction.
Barnard’s models provide a foundation for future nursing research
and practice.
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COMPARE CULTURE CARE THEORY OF DIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY. & PARENT CHILD
INTERACTION MODEL
Alligood, M .R. & Tomey, A. M. (2010). Nursing Theorists and their Work. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby,
Elsevier
Haag-Heitman, B. (1999). Clinical practice development using novice to expert theory. Gaithersburg, MD:
Aspen.
Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. (1995). Theory and Nursing (4th ed.). St. Louuis, MO: Mosby-Year
Book.
Fine, J. M. (2002). Parent-child interaction model. In A. M. Tomey, & M. R. Alligood, Nursing
Theorists and Their Work (pp. 484-495). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
wwwhttps://prezi.com/_zdmhyvtaezz/copy-of-parent-child-interaction-theory/
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