STUDIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF WOVEN

FABRICS MADE FROM NANO-SILVER

IMPREGNATED POLYSTER FIBRES

by
SWADESH SINGH CHAUHAN
2010TTE3669

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI
INTRODUCTION
• Why antibacterial textiles ?

To control the spread of disease

To control odor
To control the deterioration of textiles
• Method

Spinning process
Finishing process
OBJECTIVES

• To spin yarns of different linear density from different blends of nano-silver impregnated
Polyester fibre and normal Polyester fibre.
• To weave fabrics of different pick density using the spun yarns in weft.
• To evaluate the comfort and anti-microbial properties of the fabrics.
• To optimize the fibre mix for functional property enhancement.
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
 YARN PREPARATION
Blend % of Nano-silver Yarn Count (Ne)
• Nano-Silver impregnated PET staple impregnated PET (%)
FIBRES fibres
25 25 30 40
OPENING • Length: 38 mm
• dtex: 1.5
• Nano-silver: 400 ppm
40 25 30 40
60 25 30 40

CARDING DRAW ROVING RING

FRAME FRAME FRAME
• MMC Carding • For 25 % blend 2 • LMW Roving • LMW Ring Spinning
Machine was used. NSI PET sliver and Frame LF-1400A Frame LG5/1 was
• Sliver of 0.14 hank 4 Normal PET was used. used.
was delivered. sliver was used. • Yarn count : 25, 30
• Draft : 10
• For 40 % blend 3 and 40 Ne.
NSI PET sliver and • 3 different types of
3 Normal PET roving (1.15 Ne)
sliver was used. were prepared.
• For 60 % blend 4
Normal PET NSI PET sliver and
Sliver (0.1 Ne ) 2 Normal PET
sliver was used.
• Draft range 5-6.
• No. of passages
given : 3
• 0.115 Ne sliver
was produced.

Thus 9 different types of yarn were prepared

 FABRIC PREPARATION
• CCI tech single end sizing machine
(model no is SS 565) was used.
SIZING • 20 Ne PET yarns were used as
warp.
• 2 % PVA as sizing paste.

WARPING DRAWING – IN WEAVING DESIZING

• Drawing-in table • CCI Tech
• CCI Tech sample weaving • Open bath
sample warping • 4 heald shafts method using
were used machine (model
machine (model no. is SC water (MLR 1:40)
no. is SW 550) • Denting order: 2 at boil for 60
dents per inch 8900S).
was used. minutes.
for fabric & 4 • Types of weave:
• 1000 ends, 20” Plain
width & 3 m dents per inch
length for selvedge. • EPI: 50
• PPI: 40, 50 and
60
• 27 treated
samples and 6
untreated
samples were
produced.
 Raw material Nano-silver impregnated PET
and Normal PET
Blend % of Nano-silver
impregnated PET 25 40 60
Weft count (Ne)
25 30 40
Pick density (PPI)
40 50 60

27 treated samples (and 6 untreated samples) were produced

TESTING METHODS (ANTI-MICROBIAL)

• Anti-microbial testing was carried out by AATCC Test Method 100-2004.

• Staphylococcus aureus as test organism.

B A
R (%)   100
B

Where R = Reduction rate,

A = number of bacteria recovered from the inoculated treated test specimen,
and
B = number of bacteria recovered from the inoculated untreated test specimen.
TESTING METHODS (AIR PERMEABILITY)

• Air permeability testing was carried out by BS 5636:1990.

• Textest FX 3000 Air permeability Tester was used.
• Testing area : 3.14 in 2
• Airflow (cm3/cm2/sec) was measured at a pressure differential of 98 Pa.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 ANTI-MICROBIAL TESTING

EFFECT OF BLEND PERCENTAGE AND WEFT COUNT (Ne) ON REDUCTION RATE

(For 40 PPI)

100 99.09
98.21 97.47
97.09

Reduction rate (%)

95.73
94.3
95

90 87.44
25%
86.44
40%
85 84.06
60%
80
25 Ne 30 Ne 40 Ne
Weft count (Ne)
EFFECT OF BLEND PERCENTAGE AND COUNT (Ne)
ON REDUCTION RATE
(For 50 PPI)

99.47
100 99 98.36
97.06 96.46

Reduction rate (%)

95.57
95 93.09
91.82
90.71
90 25%
40%
85
60%
80
25 Ne 30 Ne 40 Ne
Weft count (Ne)
EFFECT OF BLEND PERCENTAGE AND COUNT (Ne)
ON REDUCTION RATE
(For 60 PPI)

99.58 99.42
100 97.09
98.83
96.73

Reduction rate (%)

96.04
95.04
95
91.45
90.18
90 25%
40%
85
60%
80
25 Ne 30 Ne 40 Ne
Weft count (Ne)
EFFECT OF BLEND PERCENTAGE AND PICK
DENSITY (PPI) ON REDUCTION RATE
FOR 25 Ne

99.05 99.47 99.58

100 97.09 97.06 97.09

Reduction rate (%)

95 93.09
91.45
90 87.44 25%
40%
85
60%
80
40 PPI 50 PPI 60 PPI
Pick density (PPI)
EFFECT OF BLEND PERCENTAGE AND PICK
DENSITY (PPI) ON REDUCTION RATE
FOR 30 Ne

99.42
100 98.21 99
96.73

Reduction rate (%)

95.73 96.46
95.04
95
91.82

90 86.44 25%
40%
85
60%
80
40 PPI 50 PPI 60 PPI
Pick density (PPI)
EFFECT OF BLEND PERCENTAGE AND PICK
DENSITY (PPI) ON REDUCTION RATE
FOR 40 Ne

98.83
100 97.47 98.36
96.04

Reduction rate (%)

95.57
94.3
95
90.71 90.18
90
84.06
25%
85
40%
80
60%
75
40 PPI 50 PPI 60 PPI
Pick density (PPI)
WEFT COUNT: 25 Ne
PICK DENSITY: 60 PPI

Controlled sample

Blend % : 25 Blend % : 40 Blend % : 60

Reduction rate (%): 91.45 Reduction Rate (%): 97.09 Reduction Rate (%):99.58
WEFT COUNT: 30 Ne
PICK DENSITY: 60 PPI

Blend % : 25 Blend % : 40 Blend % : 60

Reduction rate (%): 95.04 Reduction rate (%): 96.73 Reduction rate (%): 99.42
WEFT COUNT: 40 Ne
PICK DENSITY: 60 PPI

Blend % : 25 Blend % : 40 Blend % : 60

Reduction rate (%): 90.18 Reduction rate (%): 96.04 Reduction rate (%): 98.83
 AIR PERMEABILITY TESTING
EFFECT OF BLEND PERCENTAGE AND WEFT COUNT (Ne) ON
AIR PERMEABILITY
Results obtained from Textest FX 3300 Air Permeability Tester.
(For 40 PPI)

99.73
100 99.02

96.25
94.96 95.12

Air Permeability
95
(cm3/cm2/sec)
93.8

90 89.58
89.01
88.26 25%
40%
85
60%
80
25 Ne 30 Ne 40 Ne
Weft count (Ne)
EFFECT OF BLEND PERCENTAGE AND PICK
DENSITY (PPI) ON AIR PERMEABILITY
(FOR 25 Ne)

100
95
Air Permeability
(cm3/cm2/sec)
89.58 89.01
90 88.26
85.77

85 83.82
83.04 25%
80 77.85 40%
76.18
75.43
75 60%
70
40 PPI 50 PPI 60 PPI
Pick density (PPI)
 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS USING MULTIPLE LINEAR
REGRESSION

Reduction rate = 81.851 + 0.245 Blend percentage - 0.121 Weft count + 0.0137 Pick density
R2 was found 0.805
Blend percentage and PPI has significant effect on reduction rate.
Weft count does not have significant effect on reduction rate.

Beta B p-level
Intercept 81.8506 3.98E-18
Blend % 0.83749 0.244721 4.46E-09
Weft Count -0.18082 -0.12148 0.061842
PPI 0.26603 0.1365 0.008297
R= 0.89713848 R²= 0.80485745
CONTRIBUTION OF VARIABLES
|Bi |
% Contribution = 3
 R2
| B |
i 1
i

• Where Bi is Beta coefficients and R 2 is coefficient of regression.

• Percentage contribution of blend percentage, weft count and PPI was found 52.5, 11.3
and 16.7 respectively.
Air permeability = 100.509 - 0.001 Blend percentage + 0.583 Weft count - 0.619 Pick density
R2 was found 0.954
Blend percentage does not have significant effect on air permeability.
Weft count and PPI has significant effect on air permeability.

Beta B p-level
Intercept 100.5096 0.000000
Blend % -0.00284 -0.0013 0.949936
Weft Count 0.57013 0.5835 0.000000
PPI -0.79302 -0.6198 0.000000

R= 0.97670336 R²= 0.95394945

Percentage contribution of blend percentage, weft count and pick density was found 0.197,
39.6 and 55 respectively.
OPTIMUM FIBRE MIX ANALYSIS
• Average reduction rate is calculated at each blend percentage level

Blend percentage Average reduction rate (%) Sensitivity ratio

25 90.03 90.03/25 = 3.60
40 96.23 6.2/15 = 0.41
60 98.82 2.59/20 = 0.13

• 40 % blend can be considered as optimum mix.

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Normal PET fibre Nano-silver Impregnated PET fibre

CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
• Blend percentage of Nano-silver impregnated fibers influence the anti-microbial activity
very significantly.
• Increase in pick density and reduction in weft count (Ne) increases the anti-microbial
activity marginally.
• At lower blend % (25%), the effect of PPI is perceptible. However, at higher blend % (40%
and 60%), the effect of PPI is almost negligible.
• From linear regression analysis, it has been found that the blend %, count (Ne) and PPI
contributes 52.5%, 11.3% and 16.7% to reduction rate.
• The effect of blend percentage and pick density (PPI) was found to be statistically
significant, whereas the effect of weft count (Ne) was not statistically significant at 95 %
level of significance.
• The increase on blend percentage from 40 to 60 does not improve the reduction rate
significantly. Therefore, 40 % blend seems to be optimum.
FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

• Scope of comparison of anti-microbial results of this

study with finishing route.
• Durability analysis by repeated washing of the samples
and then measuring the anti-microbial activity.
• Ultra-violet testing of fabric samples.
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THANKS !