Generator Sinkron

Rangkaian Ekivalen
 Frequency
• Generated frequency in synchronous
generator depends on the poles and rotation
of the rotor
 Internal Generated Voltage
• This voltage depends on the flux in the
machine, the frequency or speed of rotation,
and the machine's construction.
 Equivalent Circuit
• There are a number of factors that cause the
difference between EA and Vt:
– The distortion of the air-gap magnetic field by the
current flowing in the stator, called armature
reaction
– The self-inductance of the armature coils
– The resistance of the armature coils
– The effect of salient-pole rotor shapes
 Armature Reaction
• It is generated because of loaded generator 
producing a magnetic field of its own in the
machine  distorting the original rotor
magnetic field, changing the resulting phase
voltage
Armature Reaction (2)
 Armature Reaction Model

• Estat always lies at an angle of 90o behind the

plane of maximum current IA
 Equivalent Model

• Wye

• Delta
Phasor Diagram

• Lagging

• Leading
Power Flow Diagram
Maximum Power
 Induced Torque
• The induced torque in this generator can be
expressed:
Determination of Parameters Equivalent
 Open Circuit Test

 Open-circuit test:
Generator is turned at the rated speed, loads are disconnected, If is set to
zero.
If is gradually increased, & terminal voltage is measured.
(With terminal open, IA=0, so E0=V)
 With this OCC, it’s possible to find the internal generated voltage for any given
field current
 Short Circuit Test

 Short-circuit test:
If is set to zero.
Short-circuit the terminals of the generator through a set of ammeters.
Then the armature current IA or the line current IL is measured as IF is
increased.
 Such a plot is called SCC
DC Test
Parameter Xs
Parameter Xs
Example
The Effect of Load Change
The Effect of Load Change
 Voltage Regulation

• Keeping VT constant even load varies (lagging load):

Example

24
25
Contoh Soal
Contoh Soal
Contoh Soal
Contoh Soal
Contoh Soal
Tugas Generator Sinkron

31
Tugas Trafo

32
PARALLELING GENERATOR
 Why Parallel?
• Can supply bigger load
• Increase reliability of the system
• Scheduling the shutdown of one generator for
maintenance
 Requirements
• The rms line voltages of the two generators must
be equal.
• The two generators must have the same phase
sequence.
• The phase angles of the two a phases must be
equal.
• The frequency of the new generator, called the
oncoming generator, must be slightly higher than
the frequency of the running system.
 Procedure
• Voltmeter  adjust field of oncoming current
until terminal voltage is equal
• Checking phase sequence
induction motor
Three light bulb method