ANIMAL CELL SHAPES

1. squamous – irregular shape, e.g. cheek

cells

2. disc-shaped – coin-like, flattened circles,

e.g. mammalian red blood cells
3. spherical/globular – e.g. fat globules
4. oval –e.g. amphibian red blood cells

5. cuboidal –e.g. kidney epithelial cells

6. columnar – tall and rectangular , e.g.
epithelial cells lining villi

7. threadlike – e.g. sperm cells

8. cylindrical –e.g. skeletal muscle cells

9. fusiform – elongated, oval cells with

tapered ends, e.g. smooth muscle cells

10. stellate – branching, assumes a star-like

shape, e.g. neurons
ANIMAL TISSUES
 EPITHELIAL TISSUE
• serves as body coverings
• covers external body parts
• lines internal tubes and cavities
• functions
• protection
• secretion
• excretion
• lubrication
• sensory reception
• reproduction
ORGANIZATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES
 CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• scattered cells in a matrix

HAS MANY DIFFERENT TYPES

1. connective tissue proper (CTP)
• dense CTP
• tendons – attach muscles to bone
• ligament – attach bone to bone
• loose CTP
• covers the muscles
• adipose tissue
• stores energy in the form of fat
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF DENSE CTP
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF DENSE CTP
2. cartilage
• composed of cells (chondrocytes) embedded in
a tough but flexible matrix
• matrix contains collagen
• for support
• serves as the precursor to bone
• e.g. nose and ears
matrix

lacuna

chondrocyte

PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF CARTILAGE (x.s.)

3. bone
• composed of cells (osteocytes) embedded in a
hard matrix
• matrix contains calcium phosphate
• for support and protection of internal organs
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF BONE (x.s.)
4. vascular
• composed of blood and lymph
• blood
• transports various substances like oxygen,
nutrients and hormones all over the body
• for immunity
• lymph
• maintains aqueous condition inside the body
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF BLOOD
 MUSCULAR TISSUE

• composed of muscle fibres (protein)

TYPES
1. skeletal muscles
• attached to bones
• for voluntary/conscious movements
• striated or banded
2. smooth muscles
• for involuntary/unconscious movements
• not striated or banded

3. cardiac muscle
• the heart
• pumps blood all over the body
• striated/banded
• involuntary/unconscious
HUMAN MUSCLE TYPES
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
MUSCULAR MOVEMENT

THE SLIDING FILAMENT MODEL

 NERVOUS TISSUE

• composed of neurons (nerve cells)

Photomicrograph of nervous tissue Photomicrograph of a neuron
 epineurium
fascicle

perineurium

NERVE X.S.
 germinal
epithelium

follicle

loose
connective
tissue

CAT OVARY X.S.

When describing slides, take note of the ff:

 colour of the stain

 cell shape
 in tissues, describe the cells’ organization
and arrangement
 identify all pertinent structures
 if possible, identify functions of labelled
structures