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§ Introduction
§ History
§ Why electric car?
§ Different parts
§ Motor
§ Controller
§ Batteries used in electric cars
§ Obstacles
§ Future
§ References

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§ ÷n electric is a car powered by an electric motor.

§ Creates less pollution than gasoline car

§ It consists of a motor, a controller and batteries.

§ ÷n electric motor gets power from controller which is

energized by battery.

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§ 1832 Robert ÷nderson invented a non-rechargeable

electric carriage.

§ Electric car became popular between mid 19 century

and earlier 20th century.

§ Global acceptance was hampered by a lack of power

infrastructure.

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§ Inadequacy of fossil fuels.

§ Eco-friendly.

§ Cost is less per mile.

§ It produces no pollution at the tailpipe.

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÷n electric car comprises:

§ Electric motor
§ Controller
§ Batteries

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§ We can use both ÷C and DC type of motor in an
electric vehicle.
§ Most commonly used motor is DC series & separately
exited motor. It is because of :
1. Wider range of speed control.
2. DC motors have most desirable characteristic.
3. Controllers are simpler and less expensive.
§ We can use Induction Motor also when less
maintenance is required.
§ Size and weight of an ÷C motor is low.

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§ Ghe controller takes power
from the batteries and
delivers it to the motor. acc. potentiometer
§ Ghe accelerator pedal hooks
to a pair of potentiometers
with having variable resistor. DC
§ Signal from potentiometer batteries DC controller motor
gives an idea of how much
power is suppose to be
delivered.
§ Hence, controller can provide
any power between zero to
full power.
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§ ÷C motor controller have a
little more complicated job, acc potentiometer
but idea is same.
§ Controller creates three ÷cc.
pseudo sine waves. battery
÷C
controller
§ Six set of transistor is motor

required. charger

Higher voltage
battery array

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Œ ºead-acid (mostly used)
ΠNi-Cd
ΠNi-Zn
ΠNi-MH
Πlithium-ion
Œ ºi-ion polymer, and
Œ ºithium-iron phosphate

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§ Batteries are the major drawback in an electric car.

§ Ghey are heavy and bulky.

§ Short life span.(typically 3-4 years) .

§ ºimited capacity (battery of 15 kWh stands for 50

miles).
§ Expensive.

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÷ charging system has two objectives :

ΠGo pump electricity into the batteries as quickly as

possible.

ΠGo monitor the batteries and avoid damaging them

during the charging process

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§ Batteries must be periodically charged.

§ In home, power such as roof top photovoltaic solar cell

panels can be used to charge batteries.

§ Some advanced power station can charge a battery

within an hour.

§ Fast charging methods can be used.

Contdǥ.
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§ ºithium Ion battery costs

§ Range concerns
§ Price and consumer acceptance
§ Market

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§ Strictly depends upon cost and availability of batteries
fulfilling all the requirements.
§ ºi-ion, ºi-poly and zinc-air batteries will be used.
§ Fuel cell will be used.
§ Ghey will be lighter, smaller and high reliable.
§ Super capacitors will be used.

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§ Brain, Marshall. "How Electric Cars Work." 27 March 2002. HowStuffWorks.com.
<http://auto.howstuffworks.com/electric car.htm> 26 ÷ugust 2009.
§ W.F.Hamilton, DzElectric ÷utomobiledz; McGrawHill,Hightstown,NJ;September,1979
§ B.Berman and G.H.Gelb, DzPropulsion systems for electric carsdz; IEEE Grans.,vol.VG-23,pp.
61-72;1974
§ S.÷.Nasar and º.E.Unnewehr, DzElectric vehicle technologydz; John Wiley, New York;1979
§ ÷.J.Graumilch and C.V. Kern, DzBattery power small off-highway vehiclesdz;S÷E
paper#740730;September,1974

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