UNIQUE ID BASED SMART CAR

PARKING SYSTEM

Under the guidance of: Submitted By:

Mrs.Revathi S. Rasi(14ka1a0402)
Adhoc lecturer CH .Hima chandana(14ka1a0433)
Ece department. Y .Sai Chandrika(14ka1a0442)
K .Vijay(15ka5a0404)
G .Geetha Krishna(13ka1a0444)
 Introduction
 Block diagram
 RFID tag
 Microcontroller.
 DC motor.
 IR sensor.
 LCD display with driver.
 RTC module
 GSM modem
 Limit switches
 Buzzer
 Crystal oscillator.
 RS232 cable
 MAX232
 Reset.
 LED Indicators.
 This project is used to provide a user friendly, reliable
and automated car parking system which reduces
manpower and traffic congestion.
 Many vehicles may pursue very limited car parking
spaces to cause serious traffic congestion.
 The automatic car parking system is totally automated
with the user being given a unique ID corresponding to
the trolley being allocated to him or her .
 This kind of equipment is useful to solve the issue of
limited parking space available in busy cities.
 Regulated power supply
RFID
Tag 1 RFID DC Motor DC
Reader Driver Motor

RFID Limit LCD LCD

Tag 2 Switches driver

Buzzer Buzzer
IR Sensors driver
Micro
Real Time I2C controller PC With
Clock Interface MAX232
camera

Reset Button RS232 GSM

interfacing modem
Crystal Oscillator
LED Indicators
 Regulated power supply.
 RFID reader
 RFID tag
 Microcontroller.
 DC motor.
 IR sensor.
 LCD display with driver.
 RTC module
 GSM modem
 Limit switches
 Buzzer
 Crystal oscillator.
 RS232 cable
 MAX232
 Reset.
 LED Indicators.
  Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that will
be 5v supply
 We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications.
We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,
cooler, fan, light’s
 Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can
get supply from regulated power supply block

Step down
Bridge Capacitive Regulator
230 v transformer +5V DC
rectifier filter (7805)
AC (v-0-12)
 A microcontroller is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple
CPU combined with support functions such as a
crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog timer, serial and
analog I/O etc.
 Microcontrollers are also used in scientific, high
technology, and aerospace projects.
 Microcontrollers are designed for small or dedicated
applications.
 Some microcontrollers may operate at clock rate
frequencies as low as 4 kHz, as this is adequate for
many typical applications, enabling low power
consumption (mill watts or microwatts)

 Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled

products and devices, such as automobile engine
control systems, remote controls, office machines,
appliances, power tools, and toys.

 A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained

system with a processor, memory and peripherals and
can be used with an embedded system.
 ABOUT PIC MICROCONTROLLER

 PIC is a family of Harvard architecture

microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology,
derived from the PIC1640 originally developed by
General Instrument's Microelectronics Division.

 The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface

Controller".

 A PIC's instructions vary from about 35 instructions for

the low-end PICs to over 80 instructions for the high-
end PICs.,
A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a processor,
memory and peripherals and can be used as an embedded system.

PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip

Technology.

The 18f452 micro controller is powerful (200 nanosecond instruction

execution) yet easy-to-program (only 35 single word instructions) CMOS
FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller.
 Ram 1536 Bytes
 Rom 256 Bytes
 Pins 40 (DIP)
 Low cost

 User friendly

 Easily available in market

 We can reprogram it up to 1000 times

 Less power consumption

 The reset button is a button that when clicked, will
clear all of the fields in the micro controller, and
executes the instructions from the starting address.

 A switch placed between the digital input and

ground will short the digital input to ground when it
is pressed. This means the voltage seen at the input
will be high when the switch is open and low when
the switch is closed.
 An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit
that produces a repetitive Electronic signal, often a sine wave
or a square wave.

 PIC micro controller internally having 4mhz clock frequency.

 We are giving the 20Mhz clock frequency as an external

source for increasing the system performance
 IR SENSOR
 This sensor is a short range obstacle detector with no dead
zone. It has a reasonably narrow detection area which can be
increased using the dual version. Range can also be
increased by increasing the power to the IR LEDs or adding
more IR LEDs
 Starting from the left you can see my two IR LEDs with a
resistor and transistor in series. The transistor allows the
processor to turn the LEDs on or off. This is necessary to tell
the difference between the ambient IR from daylight and
indoor lighting and the reflected light from the LEDs that
indicates the presence of an object.
 Radio Frequency (RF) communications is based on laws
of physics that describe the behavior of electromagnetic
energy waves.

 RF communication works by creating electromagnetic

waves at a source and being able to pick up those
electromagnetic waves at a particular destination. These
electromagnetic waves travel through the air at near the
speed of light. The wavelength of an electromagnetic
signal is inversely proportional to the frequency; the
higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.
 RFID SYSTEM

 RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification.

RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that
incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic
coupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object,
animal, or person.

 The advantage of RFID is that it does not require direct contact

or line-of-sight scanning.

 An RFID system consists of three components: an antenna and

transceiver (often combined into one reader) and a transponder
(the tag). The antenna uses radio frequency waves to transmit a
signal that activates the transponder.
 When activated, the tag transmits data back to the antenna. The
data is used to notify a programmable logic controller that an
action should occur.

 Low-frequency RFID systems (30 KHz to 500 KHz) have

short transmission ranges (generally less than six feet). High-
frequency RFID systems (850 MHz to 950 MHz and 2.4 GHz
to 2.5 GHz) . RFID is sometimes called dedicated “short range
communication (DSRC).”

 The technology can be used to identify, track, sort or detect a

wide variety of objects. Communication takes place between
a reader (interrogator) and a transponder (tag).
RFID technology has a following of advantages.

 RFID tags are very simple to install/inject inside the body of

animals, thus helping to keep a track on them. RFID
technology is better than bar codes as it cannot be easily
replicated and therefore, it increases the security of the
product.

 Supply chain management forms the major part of retail

business and RFID systems play a key role by managing
updates of stocks, transportation and logistics of the product.

 Long read range.

 Barcode scanners have repeatedly failed in providing security
to gems and jewelries in shops. But nowadays, RFID tags are
placed inside jewelry items and an alarm is installed at the exit
doors.

 The RFID tags can store data up to 2 KB

 No line of sight requirement.

 The tag can stand a harsh environment.

 Portable database
 RFID technology has following disadvantages

 It is difficult for an RFID reader to read the information in

case of RFID tags installed in liquids and metal products.

 Interference has been observed if devices such as forklifts and

walkie-talkies are in the vicinity of the distribution centers.

 RFID technology has been referred to as invasive technology.

Consumers are apprehensive about their privacy when they
purchase products with RFID tags. Once the radio chips are
installed in the product, the customer can be tracked and his
personal information can be collected by the RFID reader.
 The RFID reader sends a pulse of radio energy to the
tag and listens for the tag’s response. The tag detects
this energy and sends back a response that contains the
tag’s serial number and possibly other information as
well.

 RFID readers are usually on, continually transmitting

radio energy and awaiting any tags that enter their field
of operation
 RFID readers can interrogate, or read, RFID tags
much faster; read rates of forty or more tags per
second are possible. Reading barcodes is much
more time-consuming; due to the fact that a direct
line of sight is required, if the items are not properly
oriented to the reader it may take seconds to read an
individual tag. Barcode readers usually take a half-
second or more to successfully complete a read.
 RS-232 (Recommended Standard - 232) is a
telecommunications standard for binary
serial communications between two
DTE (data terminal equipments).
 RS-232 (serial ports), are now used almost exclusively for
dial-up modems, like mice, that used to use serial ports.

 RS232 standard is an asynchronous serial communication

method. i.e. Asynchronous tells us that the information is
not sent in predefined time slots.
 The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts
signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable
for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.

 The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically

converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.

 The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs

(approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V supply via on-
chip charge pumps and external capacitors.
Several times we needs a simple RS232 interface, between TTL
and RS-232 logical levels. For example, various equipments have
TTL output (0 - 5 Volts), which it's not compatible with COM
port on PCs, Laptops etc, that needs “positive or negative "
Voltage Level.
The MAX232 from Maxim was the first IC which in one
package contains the necessary drivers (two) and receivers (also
two), to adapt the RS-232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic.
The MAX 232 is to connect a serial port device to a serial port
which uses the RS232 standard.
 DC Motor

 In any electric motor, operation is based on simple

electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a
magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external
magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the
current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external
magnetic field.
 Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (armature),
stator, commutator, field magnet's, and brushes. In most
common DC motors the external magnetic field is produced by
high-strength permanent magnets.
 DC Motor
• Basically consists of

1. An electromagnetic or permanent magnetic structure called

field which is static
2. An Armature which rotates

• The Field produces a magnetic medium

• The Armature produces voltage and torque under the action
of the magnetic field
• Which operates on direct current (D.C)
 RTC: A real time clock is basically just like a
watch - it runs on a battery and keeps time even
when there is a power is removed. Using an RTC,
you can keep track of long timelines.
 The RTC which is used is DS1307. It's low cost,
easy to solder, and can run for years on a very
small coin cell.
 The DS1307 serial real-time clock (RTC) is a low-
power, full binary-coded decimal (BCD)
clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM.
Address and data are transferred serially through
an I²C, bidirectional bus.
 DS1307 has a built-in power-sense circuit that
detects power failures and automatically switches
to the backup supply.
 A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic.

 Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarms, timers and

confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
 Highly efficient and user friendly design.
 Easy to operate.
 Low power consumption.
 Visual status display on LCD display unit.
 Efficient design.
 Real time authentication system
 Long life.
 Automatic vehicle parking system
 Disadvantages:
 Interfacing RFID reader with microcontroller is
highly sensitive.
 IR sensor depends on line of sight.

Applications:
 This system can be practically implemented in
parking systems like at colleges, theaters, parks
etc..,