Vedic Mathematics Sutra

Sid Mehta
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*tell background story*

 Vedic Mathematics Sutra
• From Vedas(ancient Hindu texts written in
Sanskrit)
• Ancient scholars used these Sutras(formulas)
to make mathematical calculations
• Book is filled Sutras that make arithmetic
computation easy and ones that make algebra
easy also some other cool little tricks.
The Sutras
 Terminology
• Base: every time you see the word base, it is
referring to the tenth base so 10,100,1000

• Deficiency= base-number

• Surplus=number-base
Square of Number Ending in 5(cool trick #1)

Step 1: Multiply the figures (except the last 5)

by one more than it

Step 2: write (square of 5), 25 after it

 Cool Trick #1
Example: Square of 35
(35)(35)=[3x(3+1)]25=1225

Example: Square of 105

(105)(105)=[10x(10+1)]25=11025
 Cool Trick #1
• Proof
(a5)(a5) where a is some positive integer

(10a+5)(10a+5)=100a^2+100a+25
=100a(a+1)+25
 Multiplication-When Numbers are Close to
the Base(Cool Trick #2)
Step 1: Write numbers and their deficits
Step 2: Product has two parts
- Right part: product of both deficits
- Left part: cross subtraction of either number
and other’s deficits
 Cool Trick #2
Example 7 x 8
7 3
8 2
3 x2=6(right part)
8-3 or 7-2=5(left part)
56
 Cool Trick #2
Example 98 x 76
98 2
99 24
2 x 24=48(Right part)
76-2 or 98-24=76(Left Part)
7648
 Cool Trick #2
If one number is greater than base and the other is less
Right Part: Base + product of both deficits
Left part: Cross Subtraction -1
Example 107*96
107 -7
108 4
Right part= 100+(-28)=72
Left Part= (107-4 or 96+7)-1=102
10272
 Multiplication by 9,99,999(Cool Trick #3)

Only when working base and multiplier are the same

Step 1
Left part: multiplicand -1
Right part: the deficiency of multiplicand

Example 67 * 99
Left part: 66
Right part:33
6633
 Cool Trick #3
Proof
n is a number in which all digits are 9
a is some number
n*a=answer
Left part is a-1
Right part is (n+1)-a
Combining the parts: (n+1)*(a-1)+(n+1)-a=an
 When the sum of final digits is the base and
previous parts are same(Cool Trick#4)
Step 1
Left part: Multiply the previous part by one
more than itself
Right part: Multiply the last digits(sum is the
base)
 Cool Trick #4
Example: 36 x 34
Left part: (3+1)(3)=12
Right Part: (6*4)=24
1224

Example: 260 x 240

Left part: (2+1)(2)=6
Right part: (60*40)=2400
62400
 Cool Trick #4
Proof
a and b are both numbers
(ab)(a10-b) or (10a+b)(10a+10-b)
100a^2+100a-10ab +10ab +10b-b^2
100a(a+1)+10b-b^2
 Square of Any Number (Cool Trick #5)

Step 1: Square the deficiency(Right Part)

Step 2: Subtract the number by its deficiency

plus carry over(Left Part)
 Cool Trick #5
Square of 96
Right part: deficiency=100-96=4. 4^2=16
Left part: 96-deficiency=96-4=92
9216

Square of 9992
Right part: deficiency=1000-9992=8.8^2=64
Left part: 9992-8=9984
998464
 Cool Trick #5
Proof
a is any number
100(a-(100-a))+(100-a)^2
200a-10000+10000-200a +a^2
a^2
 Paravartya Yojayet
• English Translation: transpose and adjust
• Mathematical Meaning: In any equation,
move a term from one side to another and
adjust it by changing its sign
• x+2=0 becomes x=-2
 Indian Multiplication
Step 1: The right hand digits are both multiplied
Step 2: Apply inside-outside principle (plus carry)
Step 3: The left hand digits are multiplied plus carry
Example 56 x 17
7x6=42 but you only put 2
7x5 + 6x1=41+4=45 but only put 5
5 x 1= 5+4=9
952