JURNAL

NEUROGENIC BLADDER

HARMITA
ST RAMLAH ANDARIAS

Pembimbing : dr. A. Weri Sompa, Sp.S, M.Kes.

 BACKGROUND
Epidemiology Micturition process is controlled by
the central nervous system which
Anatomy and
coordinates the sympathetic and
physiology
parasympathetic nervous system
activation with the somatic nervous
Pathophysiology
system to ensure normal micturition
Neurological with urinary continence. Damage or
Evaluation diseases of the central, peripheral,
and autonomic nervous systems may
Management result in neurogenic bladder
Conclusions dysfunction.
 EPIDEMIOLOGY
In the United States, neurogenic bladder affects :
 40–90% of persons with multiple sclerosis,
 37–72% of those with Parkinsonism,
 15% of those with stroke,
 Less common causes of neurogenic bladder include
diabetes mellitus with autonomic neuropathy,
pelvic surgery sequelae, and cauda equina
syndrome due to lumbar spine pathology.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
BLADDER
WHAT IS NEUROGENIC BLADDER?
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NEUROGENIC
BLADDER
NEUROLOGICAL EVALUATION
 NEUROLOGICAL EVALUATION

PATIENT HISTORY

• Prior genitourinary
conditions/surgeries, voiding history,
voiding complaints (dysuria,
recurrent infections, hesitancy, Optimally, a patient urinary
nocturia, incontinence, urgency, diary with voiding pattern,
and/or frequency)
fluid intake, and voiding issues
• Medications : sedative/hypnotic,
antidepressant, antipsychotic, can help with the patient
antihistamine, anticholinergic, evaluation and formulation of
antispasmodic, opiate, alpha treatment recommendations.
adrenergic agonists/antagonists, and
calcium channel blocking medications
may affect voiding function.
 NEUROLOGICAL EVALUATION

NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION

 Should include mental status, reflexes, strength, and sensation

(including sacral dermatomes).
 Mechanical issues such as prostate enlargement or bladder.
 Issues with cognition, hand strength and coordination, joint
contractures, mobility, sexuality, social/medical support, and other
factors may impact the type of bladder rehabilitation.
 For spinal cord injured patients, the motor level of spinal lesion,
whether the injury is complete or incomplete, extremity tone, rectal
sensation/tone, presence/ absence of voluntary rectal tone, and
bulbocavernosus reflex.
NEUROLOGICAL EVALUATION

LABORATORY
 Neurogenic Bladder Management
Surgical Interventions

Goals of management of neurogenic bladder are to:

1. Achieve/ maintain continence to avoid the
psychological and physical (e.g., skin maceration
and decubiti) consequences of incontinence.
2. Prevent development of a high pressure detrusor
that can lead to upper urinary tract damage.
3. Minimize risk of symptomatic urinary tract
infections.
4. Prevent over-distension of the bladder.
Neurogenic Bladder Management
Non pharmacologic
Interventions
 Neurogenic Bladder Management
Pharmacologic Interventions

 Tricyclic Antidepressant Drugs

 Anticholinergic (Antimuscarinic) Medications
Cholinergic Agonists
 Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonists
 Benzodiazepines
 GABA-B Agonists
 Botulinum Toxin
 Opioids
 Vanilloids
 Nerve Growth Factor
 Nitrous Oxide Agonists
 Neurogenic Bladder Management
Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic
treatments fail to control neurogenic
detrusor overactivity

Surgical interventions

Procedures to control detrusor

Procedures to enhance detrusor
emptying:
storage:
 Urinary diversion
 Neuromodulation for
 Bladder sphincter procedures to
neurogenic detrusor
enhance emptying
overactivity
 Bladder sphincter procedures to
 Enterocystoplasty
restrict emptying
 CONCLUSIONS
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction can be successfully
treated to achieve goals of urinary continence, prevention
of renal damage from chronically high detrusor pressures,
and minimizing risk of urinary tract infections or bladder
overdistension.
Terima kasih