Climate impact

• Hydropower can be use as renewable source with minimal emissions of greenhouse emissions.

• Temperature
• High temperature will lead to increased in evaporations;
• dam reservoir with bigger surface area are more susceptible to high rate of evaporation compared to smaller
surface area but higher in depth.

• Draught
• Obvious threat since it reduce the amount of water available to generate electricity.
• Lack of water prevent the hydropower plant from running at its full capacity
• Reduced in hydroelectricity power and use of additional natural gas causes additional fossil fuel combustions
for electric increase carbon dioxide emissions which contributed to global warming.

• Flooding
• Flooding has the potential to increase river flows and generate hydropower; as long as the excess river flow
level remains within the dam’s reservoir capacity.
• However, in extreme cases, floods can cause destructive to dams; large sediments and debris loads carried by
floodwaters can block dam spillways and powerful masses of water can damage important structural
components.
 Hydroelectric in Malaysia
• Tenaga Nasional Berhad(TNB) is the main electric utility company in
Malaysia that operates three major hydroelectric schemes in
peninsular with installed capacity of 1,911 megawatts(MW).
• They are the Sungai Perak, Terengganu and Cameron Highlands
hydroelectric schemes with total 21 dams in operation.
• In future, a total 149 sites with estimated micro hydropower potential
of 28.9 MW have been identified
• It is predicted that by the year 2020, most rivers and waterways will
be utilized for the generation of electricity.
 Figure 1: Kenyir Dam in Terenggani

Figure 2 : Bakun Dam, Sarawak

Source :https://www.google.com/search?q=empangan+di+malaysia
Hydroelectric in Malaysia
• Dam flooding- major problem during monsoon season
especially to the east coast states ( Kelantan,
Terengganu, Pahang and east Johor) of Peninsular
Malaysia and western Sarawak)

• Occur due to heavy rainfall when the reservoir level

reaches its maximum and exceed the reservoir’s
capacity

• It also worsens the flood conditions on the river

system which lead to destructive floods downstream
of the dam.
• Prolonged flood- A stagnant water associated with public health
threat or major environmental hazard( foul odours, mosquitoes,
accumulation of municipal sewage, growth of hyacinth etc.

www.ijens.org/Vol_12_I_06/127006-9393-IJCEE-IJENS.pdf