Sponge- Review “Quadratics”

Ellipses

Unit 6
 Definitions
 Ellipse: set of all points where the sum of the
distances from the foci is constant

 Major Axis: axis on which the foci lie; the

longer axis of symmetry (LARGER
DENOMINATOR)

 Minor Axis: the shorter axis of symmetry

Parts of an Ellipse
a distance from center to vertex
b distance from center to co - vertex
c distance from center to focus
The center is (h, k)

c a

c a b
2 2 2
 c
e
Eccentricity a
Definition of Eccentricity: A measure of the
deviation of an elliptical path, especially an
orbit, from a perfect circle.

Eccentricity ranges from zero (for a perfect circle) to

values approaching 1 (highly elongated ellipses).
For example: As e approaches 1
e is for eccentricity
 Two Standard Equations

Horizontal Major Axis: ( x  h) 2 ( y  k ) 2


2
 2
1
a b
Foci: (pt. inside parabola)
(-c  h, k ) and (c  h, k )

** To Find C, c  a  b ** 2 2 2

( x  h) 2 ( y  k ) 2
 Vertical Major Axis: 2
 2
1
b a
 Foci: (pt. inside parabola)
(h, - c  k ) and (h, c  k )
 h and k give the x and y values of the center.
Take the opposite of h and k so the center is (-h, -k)
A and B can
switch
places.

x  h   y  k
A goes under
2 2 the MAJOR
axis.

2
 2
1 B goes under
a b the MINOR
axis.

The square root of the

number under x tells The square root of the
you how far to move number under y tells
horizontally. you how far to move
vertically.
1st Writing in Standard Form
1. Complete the square for both the x-
terms and y-terms and move the
constant to the other side of the
equation
2. Divide all terms by the constant
 Example 1: x  9 y  4 x  54 y  49  0
2 2

(x  4 x)  (9 y  54 y)  49 Group terms

2 2

(x  4 x  _)  9( y  6 y  _)  49 Complete the square

2 2

(x 2  4 x  4)  9( y 2  6 y  9)  49  4  9(9)
(x  2)2  9( y  3)2  36 Simplify each group

(x  2)2 9( y  3) 2 36
  Divide by constant
36 36 36
(x  2) ( y  3)
2 2
 1
36 4
 You try #2 !
x  4 y  6 x  16 y  9  0
2 2

( x  6 x  __)  4( y  4 y  __)  9  __  4(__)

2 2

( x  6 x  9)  4( y  4 y  4)  9  9  16
2 2

( x  3)  4( y  2)  16
2 2

( x  3) ( y  2)
2 2
 1
16 4
Last one…You try again. 
Ooohh this is a nice one!
Given
Solution….
6 x 2  3 x    2 y 2  5 y    2    

 2  3 
2
  2   5 
2
  9   25 
  
6 x  3 x      2 y  5 y      2  6   2 
 2    2   4  4 

2 2
 3  5
2 2 6 x   2 y  
 3  5
 
2
 
2 24
6 x    2 y    24 
 2  2 24 24 24

2 2
 3  5
 x    y  
 2 

2
1
4 12
 You try! Ok……now these 2

1.

2.
Identifying all key parts of an
ellipse.
Key Facts to know!
Major and Minor Axis
Length of Minor Axis
Horizontal Major Axis = 2a
Vertical Major Axis= 2a

Length of Minor Axis

Vertical= 2b
Horizontal= 2b
Vertices
Horizontal Major Axis
(h+a, k) and (h-a, k)

Vertical Major Axis

(h, k+a) and (h, k-a)
 THE FOCI -used as a tool to
find the vertex or co-vertices.
1st find c by using the pythagorean
theorem.
 For a Horizontal Major Axis

(h+c, k) and (h-c, k).

 For a Vertical Major Axis

( h, k+c) and (h, k-c).
CW #1 (Key parts) (1-12)
Additional Graphing Part 1.
Graphing the ellipse
1. Put equation in standard form& determine if major/minor axis?
2. Graph the center (h, k)
3. Find a, b, and c.
4. Plot your vertices/co-vertices( a/b
** To Find C 2
 a 2  b2 **
, cvalues).
HOW : Graph a and –a units from the center to get the
vertices, THEN b AND -b units for the co-vertices.
5. PLOT the foci (Recall: 2 equations that depends on
Horiz/Vertical ellipse and C will be (+)).
H- (-c  h, k ) and (c  h, k )

V: (h, - c  k ) and (h, c  k )

4. Connect the end points!

Example 1: Graph and find the coordinates of the
center, vertices, co-vertices and foci. x   y  3
2 2

 1
25 4
(0, -1) and (0, -5) Center
(0, -3)
Co- Vertices
Foci Horizontal
a2=25
a=5

Vertical
b2=4
b=2

Vertices
(-5, -3) and (5, 3)
  x  4 2
 y  2
2

Example 2 12

16
1

Now find you’re a, b and c.

1st Graph the Center (h,k) a/b both +/- .
C will always be (+) .

a 2  16  a  4
b 2  12  b  2 3
c 2  4  c  2
2nd Plot Vertices
“a” values
 x  4
2


 y  2
2

1
12 16
a 2  16  a  4
4 b 2  12  b  2 3
4 c 2  4  c  2
h4
k  2
  x  4
2


 y  2
2

1
12 16

3rd Graph the Co-Vertices “b”

a 2  16  a  4
b 2  12  b  2 3
c 2  4  c  2
2 3 2 3
h4
k  2
4th Graph the Foci  x  4   y  2
2 2

1
12 16

a 2  16  a  4
b 2  12  b  2 3
c 2  4  c  2
h4
k  2
Draw your ellipse.  x  4  y  2
2 2

 1
12 16

a 2  16  a  4
b 2  12  b  2 3
c 2  4  c  2
h4
k  2
Find “e” (Eccentricity) if asked…
 x  4
2


 y  2
2

1
Finally , Eccentricity 12 16
c 2 1
e  
a 4 2
 Oh boy!!! Write the following equation in
standard form, then graph it.
x 2  4 y 2  6 x  16 y  9  0
( x  6 x  __)  4( y  4 y  __)  9  __  4(__)
2 2

( x  6 x  9)  4( y  4 y  4)  9  9  16
2 2

( x  3)2  4( y  2)2  16
( x  3) ( y  2)
2 2
 1
16 4
Center: (3,2)
Foci: (-0.464, 2)
(6.464, 2)
Endpoints: (-1,2) and (7,2)
Example 3
x  3 2

 y  1
2
1
16 25
(h, - c  k ) and (h, c  k )
Center (3, -1)

Major Axis Y, vertical

Minor Axis X, horizontal

a 5

b 4
Ex3. you try x  2 2

 y  3
2
1
Find foci coordinates 36 4
for #3. Foci
(-3.65, 3) &(7.65,3)
Center (2, 3) (-c  h, k ) and (c  h, k )

Major Axis X, horizontal

Minor Axis Y, vertical

a 6

b 2

C
Example 4, you try. x  12

 y  2
2
1
Yes, find foci!
49 4
(-c  h, k ) and (c  h, k )

Center (-1, 2)

Major Axis X, horizontal

Minor Axis Y, vertical

a 7

b 2
 Oh boy!!! Write the following equation in
standard form, then graph it.
x 2  4 y 2  6 x  16 y  9  0
( x  6 x  __)  4( y  4 y  __)  9  __  4(__)
2 2

( x  6 x  9)  4( y  4 y  4)  9  9  16
2 2

( x  3)2  4( y  2)2  16
( x  3) ( y  2)
2 2
 1
16 4
Center: (3,2)
Foci: (-0.464, 2)
(6.464, 2)
Endpoints: (-1,2) and (7,2)
Ex.5 x  22   y  32 1
16 49
(h, - c  k ) and (h, c  k )
Center (2, 3)

Major Axis Y, vertical

Minor Axis X, horizontal

a 7

b 4
The Summary: