Ramos Administration (1992 – 1998)

EDCOM – Congressional Commission on Education

The Philippine Congress formed the EDCOM and

conducted a study of the Philippine educational
system in 1991.
EDCOM characterized higher education as:

1. unusually large college population

2. imbalanced distribution of students
3. underinvestment and poor quality of teachers
4. inadequate teaching and learning facilities and
ill-structured curricular offerings
5. mismatch between programs and graduates,
and between employment and society needs
6. underdeveloped graduate education
Republic Act 7722 (May 18, 1994)
An act creating the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED)

Republic Act 7796 (Aug. 8, 1994)

An act creating the Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
Bridging the gap.

Republic Act No. 7784 (Aug. 4, 1994), also

known as "An Act To Strengthen Teacher
Education in the Philippines by Establishing Centers
of Excellence, Creating A Teacher Education
Council for The Purpose, Appropriating funds
Therefor, And for Other Purposes“
to include in said program teachers in the tertiary
level in both private and public universities and
colleges for the purpose of improving the quality
of tertiary education in the country by means of
increasing the capability and competence of
college teachers.
 The Implementation of these laws reorganized
the education system and refocused DECS’
mandate to basic education which covers
elementary and secondary levels. This is
envisioned to improve the quality of basic
education which according to the EDCOM Report
produced half-baked, ill-equipped graduates.
What does EDCOM recommend specifically?

1. Stress basic publication-elementary and high

school-because it is all the formal schooling the
masses of our people get.
2. Encourage alternative learning modes,
especially for the illiterate.
3. Make vernacular Filipino the medium of
instruction for basic education.
4. Enlarge and enrich technical/vocational
education for young people whose aptitudes
incline in this direction.

5. Restructure the Department to ensure that

program focus is clear, resources are allocated
rationally, and plans are realistic and attainable.
6. Ensure that only the best and most qualified
professionals become teachers and administrators
by making the rewards of teaching match is
important.

7. Plan and support public and private education

together.
8. Make it possible for private industry, workers,
teachers, parents and Local Government to plan,
deliver and finance education and training.

9. Ensure the children of the poor greater access to

all levels of education.
10. Make public college and university education
more cost-effective and curricular programs more
relevant to the communities they serve.
The Aim of EDCOM

The main aim of EDCOM is to make education a

tool for attaining the goals of social justice, unity,
freedom and prosperity. Intrinsically, education
should produce a Filipino who respects human
rights, whose personal discipline is guided by
spiritual and moral values,
The Aim of EDCOM

who can think critically and creatively, who can

exercise responsibility his rights and duties as a
citizen, whose mind in informed by science and
reason, and whose nationalism is based on
knowledge of our historical, political, and cultural
heritage.
EDCOM seeks to attain the following objectives:

1. Universal basic education which will make every

citizen functionally literate and numerate.
2. Formation of those skills and knowledge
necessary to make the individual a productive
member of society.

3. Development of high-level professionals who will

search after new knowledge, instruct the young
and provide leadership in the various fields or
discipline required by a dynamic economy.
Legal Mandates:

Executive Order No. 330 (May 10, 1996)

Adopting the expanded tertiary education

equivalency and accreditation program as an
integral part of the educational system and
designating the commission on higher education
as the authority responsible for its
implementation
R.A 8047 – Book Publishing Industry Development Act
– June,1995

R.A 7722 – CHED – May18, 1994

R.A No. 7743 – Establishing Municipal Libraries

and brgy. reading centers – June 17, 1994

R.A 7731 – abolishing NCEE (NSAT to NAT)

R.A 7784 – Act Strengthen Teacher Education by
Establishing Centers of Excellence, Creating a
Teacher Education Council for the purpose,
Appropriating Funds Thereof, and for other
purposes – Aug. 4, 1994

R.A 7796 – TESDA – Aug. 25, 1994

R.A. 7836 – Philippine Teachers Professionalization
Act of 1994

R.A. 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

R.A. 8190 – Granting priority appointment or

assignment to public school teacher who
reside in a barangay, municipality or city
near the school
R.A. 8491 – Prescribing the code of the national
flag, anthem, motto, coat of arms and other
heraldic items and devices

R.A. 8492 – Establishing the national museum

system and providing for its permanent home

R.A. 8496 – Establishing the Philippine Science High

School System
Educational Programs

• Early Childhood Care and Development

program
• TEEP – Third Elementary Education Project
• NEAT – National Elementary Achievement Test
• NSAT – National Secondary Assessment Test
• Ten-Year Master plan for Basic Education
• PROBE – Program on Basic Education
• Book Publishing Industry
The Third Elementary Education Project (TEEP) aims to:

1. build the institutional capacity of DECS (Department of

Education, Culture and Sports) to manage the change
process associated with TEEP;

2. improve learning achievements, completion rates and

access to quality elementary education
 The Estrada Presidency (1998 – 2001)

On May 11, 1998, the Filipinos elected Jose

Marcelo Ejercito Estrada as the 13th President of
the Philippines. In the short period of Estrada’s
administration, he also focused his attention on
educational reforms.
 On December 7, 1998, Estrada issued
Executive order No. 46 which established the
Presidential Commission on Educational Reform
(PCER)
The PCER, based on its mandate, recommended
the following:

1. Establishment of the National Coordinating

Council for Education (NCCE)
2. Moratorium on the creating of new state
colleges and universities, as well as on the
creation of new branches or campuses for
existing ones
3. Restructuring the financing mechanisms for
existing state colleges and universities

4. Changing the medium of instruction in the first

grade of schooling to the lingua franca in
selected countries in the country
5. Strengthening teacher competencies in English,
Science, Math, Technology and Social Studies at
the tertiary level and basic education level

6. Establishment of the National Educational

Assessment and Testing Services (NEATS)
D.O No. 56, s. 2001 – Policy on Educational Field Trips

D.O No. 54, s. 2001 – Revision of “Panatang Makabayan”

D.O No. 51, s. 2001 – Collection of School Publication Fees

D.O. No. 45, s. 2001 – Revision of Alphabet and Guide in
Spelling of Philippine Language

D.O. No. 26, s. 2001 – Collection of Fees by Parent-Teacher

Community Association

E. O. 46 – PCER – Presidential Commission on Educational

Reform
Educational Programs

• Multi-grade Program In Philippine Education

• Preschool Service Contracting Program
• SPED Personnel Enhancement Program
• Resource Materials Development for Children
with Special Needs (CSNs)
• Early Intervention Program for Children with
Disabilities
Educational Programs

Teacher Training Program

Adopt-A-School Program
BP-OSA (Balik-Paaralan para sa Out-of-School Adults)
Project EASE (Effective and Affordable Secondary
Education)
Indigenized/Localization of the Secondary Education
Curriculum
 Arroyo Administration (2001 – 2010)

After taking over the reigns of the government

in January 2001, President Arroyo appointed
former senator Raul Roco as Secretary of the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports
(DECS)
Republic Act 9155

Otherwise called Governance of Basic

Education Act transforming the name of the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports
(DECS) to Department of Education (DepEd).
RA 9155 provides the overall framework for

1. school head empowerment by strengthening

their leadership roles

2. school-based management within the context

of transparency and local accountability.
 The goal of basic education is to provide the
school age population and young adults with
skills, knowledge and values to become caring,
self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens.
 DepEd Order No. 42 s. 2002 implemented the
new Basic Education Curriculum both in the
elementary and secondary level with the aim of
making the graduates of Philippine basic
education globally competitive.
 DepEd Order No. 37, s. 2004 mandates all
graduating public elementary pupils by March
2004 shall take a High School Readiness Test (HSRT)
before they are admitted to first year high school.
The HSRT will cover competencies in English,
Science and Mathematics and those who failed in
the exam must take a one-year Bridge Program
before they can take another HSRT.
Aims of RBEC

1. To provide knowledge and develop skills,

attitudes, and values essential to personal
development and necessary for living in and
contributing to a developing and changing
society.
2. Provide learning experiences which increase
the child awareness of and responsiveness to
the changes in society.
3. Promote and intensify knowledge, identification
with and love for the nation and the people to
which s/he belongs.

4. Promote work experiences which develop

orientation to the world of work and prepare the
learner to engage in honest and gainful work
D.O No.1, s. 2006 – Creation and Composition of the
Student Crime Prevention Committee

D.O No.7, s. 2006 – Reiterating the Prohibition of the

practice of hazing and the operation of
fraternities and sororities in elementary and
secondary schools

D.O No. 48, s. 2006 – Observance of safety Measures in

Science Laboratories
D.O No. 41, s. 2007 – Guidelines on the utilization and
Liquidation of school based repair and maintenance
fund
D.O No. 43, s. 20002 – The 2002 Basic Education Curriculum
Educational Programs

• Accreditation and Equivalency Program (AEP)

• Accelerated Learning Program for Elementary Schools

(ALPES)

• School Health and Nutrition Center

Educational Programs

• Health and Nutrition Education

• National Drug Education Program

• TB Prevention and Control Program

• Breakfast Feeding Program

 Aquino Administration (2010 – 2016)

On May 15, Aquino signed into law Republic

Act 10533 or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of
2013, which institutionalizes the Kindergarten (K) to
12 program. The law adds two years to basic
education: six years of primary education (Grades
1 to 6), four years of junior high school (Grades 7 to
10), and two years of senior high school (Grades
11 to 12).
 In line with the K to 12 program, which aims to
prepare high school graduates for employment,
Aquino is also re-introducing technical-vocational
education in public high schools, making students,
who cannot afford to pay for college education,
ready for work after graduation.
 The K to 12 Basic Education program aims to
provide “sufficient time for mastery of concepts
and skills, develop lifelong learners,” and prepare
graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills
development, employment and entrepreneurship.
 RA 10157, also known as the “Kindergarten
Education Act,” which makes kindergarten
education the first stage of compulsory and
mandatory formal education prior to Grade 1. (This
was actually passed before the K to 12 law.)
 RA 10648 (“Iskolar ng Bayan Act of 2014”)
which mandates all state universities and colleges
to admit and provide scholarship grants to the top
10 public high-school graduates subject to some
requirements and conditions provided by said law
and the implementing rules and regulations to be
formulated by the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) and the DepEd
 RA 10588 (“Palarong Pambansa Act of
2013”) which institutionalizes the conduct of the
Palarong Pambansa every year, making the event
the “primary avenue for providing in-school sports
opportunities to improve the physical, intellectual
and social well-being of the youth.”
RA 10627- Anti-Bullying Act

Aquino signed on September 12 a law that

requires all elementary and secondary schools to
adopt policies that will prevent and address
bullying in the classroom.
Aquino’s 10-Point Education Agenda

• 12-year basic education cycle

• Universal pre-schooling for all
• Madaris education as a sub-system within the education
system
• Technical-vocational education as an alternative
stream in senior high school
• Every child a reader by Grade 1
Aquino’s 10-Point Education Agenda

• Science and math proficiency

• Assistance to private schools as essential partners in
basic education
• Medium of instruction rationalized
• Quality textbooks
• Covenant with local governments to build more schools
 Rodrigo Duterte Administration (2016 – Present)

President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law

the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education
Act, a law providing free tuition for students of 112
state universities and colleges (SUCs).
RA 10931 - Universal Access to Quality Tertiary
Education Act

An act promoting universal access to quality

tertiary education by providing for free tuition and
other school fees in state universities and colleges,
local universities and colleges and state-run
technical-vocational institutions,
establishing the tertiary education subsidy and
student loan program, strengthening the unified
student financial assistance system for tertiary
education, and appropriating funds therefor.