COMPUTER

PROGRAMMING 1
LESSON 1:
Introduction to
Programming Concepts
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 1
INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

 What is a Computer?
 Components of a Computer
 Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
 Algorithm
 Pseudocode
 Flowchart
 Flowchart Symbols
COMPUTER
 is an electronic device capable of performing complex
computations in a short time.

 It is a fast, electronic calculating machine that accepts input

information, processes it according to a list of internally
stored instructions called a program, and produces the
resultant output information.
PROGRAM
 is a set of instructions telling a computer what to do or
how to behave.
Programming
 is the craft of implementing one or more interrelated
abstract algorithms using a particular programming language
to produce a concrete computer program.
Components of a computer
HARDWARE
 The physical equipment of a computer system, including the monitor,
keyboard, central processing unit and storage devices.
SOFTWARE
 Refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the
storage of a computer for some purpose.
  is a methodology that is typically used to
SOFTWARE develop, maintain, and replace information
systems for improving the quality of the
DEVELOPMENT software design and development process.

LIFE CYCLE  follows completion of logical sequence of

stages/phases. The output of one stage becomes
(SDLC) input for the next stage.
IMPORTANCE OF SDLC
 In order to create systems that are good in
design
 It serves as a guide in systems development
 PLANNING

ANALYSIS
FIVE PHASES
OF (SDLC) DESIGN

IMPLEMENTATION

MAINTENANCE
  is the initial stage in the SDLC that has to be
performed.
 This phase includes information about the
requirements for the proposed software.
 known as the feasibility study phase.
PLANNING
PHASE “In the first phase of the SDLC,
the organization’s total information
system needs are identified, analyzed,
prioritized, and arranged.”
  requires the analyst to thoroughly study
the current procedures or software used to execute
tasks in an organization.
 The main goal in this phase is to identify the
requirements for new software or simply change
ANALYSIS several aspects in the current
working software.
PHASE
“This phase studies the current system
and produces proposed alternatives or
replacements.”
  during this phase, the developer of the software
translates the result of the previous phase into
actual design or specifications of the software
 development of the software involves covering
the input and output screens to reports,
DESIGN databases,and computer process

PHASE The purpose of this phase is to identify and

document a solution that will be constructed
according to technical and procedural specifications.
Design document will be created
that should include but not limited to technical,
environmental, data, program, procedural, and
testing specifications.
 Coding – creation of the actual program
Testing – both programmer and analyst submits
the software to various – “quality testing” to
discover if there are any bugs within the software
Installation – after coding and testing is done, the
actual software must be installed and slowly or
completely replaces the old software.
IMPLEMENTATION The purpose of the implementation phase is to
PHASE release a fully tested and operational product to an
end user or customer.
The product should meet all the requirements.
  used to make necessary patches to remove found
errors
 where the software is systematically repaired and
improved based on errors or possible new
requirements found

MAINTENANCE
PHASE
WATERFALL SDLC
 Suggests that prior to proceeding to next phase, the current
phase should be finished first.
MODIFIED WATERFALL
 Allows overlap between phases.
Iterative SDLC
 allows phases to repeat, if necessary.
SOFTWARE BASICS
Computer program - an organized list of instructions that, when
executed, causes the computer to behave in a predetermined
manner. Without programs, computers are useless.
Support module – an auxiliary set of instructions used in
conjunction with the main software program (example:
dynamic link libraries).
Data module – contains data (not supplied by the user)
necessary for the execution of certain tasks.
LESSON 2:
LOGIC FORMULATION
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 1
PROGRAMMING CYCLE
PROBLEM DEFINITION

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT

CODING AND DEBUGGING

 Problem Definition
 specifies what we want the computer
to do

Problem Definition
 Problem Analysis
 looking at the problem itself; point
of view of the computer; start with the
input/output.
Problem Analysis
 Algorithm Development
 an outline that breaks
problem down into segments; strategy
Algorithm on how to do
the task
Development
 Coding and debugging
 the process of removing errors

Coding and
debugging
ALGORITHM
 a step-by-step problem-solving procedure
 finite sequence of steps for solving a logical or
mathematical problem
 a specific set of well-defined, simple mathematical and
logical procedures that can be followed to solve a
problem in a finite number of steps
ALGORITHM
Guide to a good Algorithm
1. Specify each step or instruction exactly.
2. There must be a finite number of steps.
3. There must be an output.
PSEUDOCODES
 generic way of describing an algorithm without the
use of any specific programming language syntax
 models and resembles real programming code
 consists of short English phrases used to explain a
specific task within a program's algorithm.
 The rules of Pseudocode are reasonably straight
forward. All statements showing "dependency" are to
be indented which include while, do, for, if, and switch.