Sponge (y + 3) 2 = 4(x + 1)

Find the vertex, focus and directrix. Then graph the parabola

Vertex: (-1, -3)

The parabola is horizontal and
opens to the right
4p = 4
p=1
Focus: (0, -3)

Directrix: x = -2 V
F

x = ¼(y + 3)2 – 1

x 0 0 3 3
y -1 -5 1 -7
 Unit 6 – The Hyperbola
Foci – the two fixed points, 𝐹1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 , whose difference of the distances
from a single point on the hyperbola is a constant.
Transverse axis – the line that contains the foci and goes through the
center of the hyperbola. (not necessarily the longest)
Center
Center – the midpoint of the line
segment between the two foci.

Vertices – the two points of intersection

of the hyperbola and the transverse axis,
𝑽𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑽𝟐 . 

Conjugate axis – the line that is

perpendicular to the transverse axis and
goes through the center of the hyperbola.
Conjugate axis
Transverse along the X-Axis
Transverse along the X-Axis
Transverse along the Y-Axis
Transverse along the Y-Axis

(−𝑏, 0) (𝑏, 0)
Unit 6– Guided Notes (f (1-6)
 To Graph an Hyperbola
1. Determine the center
2. Determine the horizontal and vertical distances. Mark
those distances and make a box ( this is your
framework to sketching).
3. Sketch Asymptotes through the corners of the box.
4. Mark the vertices.
5. Determine which way it opens.(The foci is always on
the positive axis, which determines the direction of
opening).
6. Sketch the branches using the vertices and
asymptotes.
Instructional Video “Take Notes”
Example 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=i6Ns_yetNls&feature=youtu.be
Think, Pair and Share
Class work (1-10)
Sponge Graph 4x2 – 16y2 = 64.

x2 y2
– =1 Rewrite the equation in standard form.
16 4

x2 y2
The equation of the form – - 2 = 1, so the transverse axis is horizontal b/c a= (+).
a2 b

Since a2 = 16 and b2 = 4, a = 4 and b = 2.

Step 1: Graph the vertices. Since
the transverse axis is
horizontal, the vertices lie
on the x-axis. The
coordinates are (±a, 0), or
(±4, 0).
Step 2: Use the values a and b to
draw the central “invisible”
rectangle. The lengths of
its sides are 2a and 2b, or
8 and 4.
Example 3 Graph 4x2 – 16y2 = 64.
Step 3: Draw the asymptotes. The equations of the asymptotes are
y = ± b x or y = ± 1 x . The asymptotes contain the diagonals of the
a 2
central rectangle.

Step 4: Sketch the branches of the hyperbola through the vertices so they
approach the asymptotes.
Summary Recap Day 1.
The Standard Equation of a Hyperbola
With Centre (0, 0) and Foci on the x-axis
The equation of a hyperbola
with the centre (0, 0) and
foci on the x-axis is:
x2 y 2
B (0, b) 2  2 1
a b
(-c, 0) The length of the transverse axis is 2a.
A1 A2 (c, 0)
The length of the conjugate axis is 2b.
F1 (-a, 0) (a, 0) The vertices are (a, 0) and(-a, 0).
F2
The foci are (c, 0) and (-c, 0).
The slopes of the asymptotes are
B (0, -b)

b -b
and .
a a
The equations of the asymptotes
b -b
are y = x and y = x.
a a
The Standard Equation of a Hyperbola with
Centre (0, 0) and Foci on the y-axis [cont’d]
The equation of a hyperbola
with the centre (0, 0) and
F1(0, c) foci on the y-axis is:
y2 x 2
2  2 1
a b
The length of the transverse
axis is 2a.
A1(0, a)
The length of the conjugate
B1(-b, 0) B2(b, 0) axis is 2b.
The vertices are (0, a) and
( 0, -a).
The foci are (0, c) and (0, -c).
A2(0, -a)
The slopes of the asymptotes are

a -a
and .
b b
F2(0, -c) The equations of the asymptotes
a -a
are y = x and y = x.
b b
3.5.6
 Day 2- Center not at the origin.
Vertical Hyperbola ( y  k ) ( x  h)
2 2

2
 2
1
a b

( x  h) 2 ( y  k ) 2
Horizontal Hyperbola 2
 2
1
a b
 Horizontal Transverse Axis
(opens left/right)
• ( x  h) 2 ( y  k ) 2
2
 2
1
a b

– Foci: (h+c, k) and (h-c, k)

** To Find C, c  a  b **
2 2 2

– Vertices: (h+a, k) and (h-a, k)

𝑏
– Asymptote Slopes: y = k ± (x − h)
𝑎
 Horizontal Transverse Axis
opens up/down
( y  k ) 2 ( x  h) 2
• 2
 2
1
a b
– Foci: (h, k+c) and (h, k-c)
** To Find C, c  a  b **
2 2 2

– Vertices: (h, k+a) and (h, k-a)

𝑎
Asymptote Slopes : y = k ± (x − h)
𝑏
 HYPERBOLA TERMS- Algebraically!
The “Butterfly” EQUATION ( x  h)2 ( y  k )2
 1
FORM a2 b2
CENTER
Conjugate axis (h, k )
VERTICES
(h ± a , k)
Co-vertex
CO-VERTICES
(h, k ± b )
Vertex
TRANSVERSE
b Opens “horizontally”
a AXIS (+) Vertices
are on this axis.
TRANSVERSE 2a
c length
Transverse Vertex CONJUGATE
axis AXIS (-) vertical
C=(h , k)
CONJUGATE 2b
Co-vertex length
FOCI (h ± c , k)

c  a b
2 2 2
ASYMPTOTES b
y   ( x  h)  k
a
 HYPERBOLA TERMS
The “Hourglass”
EQUATION ( y  k )2 ( x  h)2
 1
Transverse FORM a2 b2
axis CENTER
(h, k )
Vertex VERTICES
(h, k ± a )
CO-VERTICES
(h ± b, k)
C=(h , k)
Co-vertex TRANSVERSE
AXIS (+) Vertices Opens “vertically”
c
are on this axis.
TRANSVERSE 2a
b a
length
Co-vertex
CONJUGATE horizontal
Conjugate
AXIS
axis
CONJUGATE 2b
Vertex length
FOCI (h, k ± c )

c  a b
2 2 2
ASYMPTOTES a
y   ( x  h)  k
b
 Example 1:

 y  2  x  4
2 2

 1
25 9
c 22  25  9
c  34
1. Center?
2. Horizontal - Plot c  34
3. Vertical - Plot c  5.8
4. Draw Box
5. Draw Asymptotes y =+ a/b (x-h) + k
6. Which are Vertices?
7. Sketch Branches
8. Find and plot Foci
Foci: h, k ± c CRITICAL POINTS/EQUAIONS
Center: (-4, 2)
Vertices: (-4, 7), (-4, -3)
Foci: (-4, 2+ 34), (-4,2- 34)
5 26
Asymptotes: y = 3 𝑥 + 3
Vertical a
y   ( x  h)  k 5
y = −3𝑥 −
14
Asymptote Slopes: b 3
Example 2
(y  1)2 (x  4)2
 1
4 9
The centre is (-4, 1).
For this equation, a = 2 and b = 3.
The length of the transverse axis is
2a = 4.
The length of the conjugate axis is
2b = 6.
The vertices are (-4, 3) and (-4, -1):

c2 = a2 + b2
=4+9
= 13
c  13
The coordinates of the foci are
(4, 1  13) and (4, 1  13 ).
The equations of the asymptotes are
2 2
y (x + 4)+ 1 and y  (x + 4) + 1.
3 3
3.5.15
 Your turn!

(y  2) (x  3)
2 2
 1
25 9
Solution!
The centre is (2, 3), so h = -2 and k = 3.

The vertices are (-2, 8) and (-2, -2).

c2 = a2 + b2 The coordinates of the foci a

= 25 + 9 Foci: h, k ± c
= 34
c  34
(2, 3  34 ) and (2, 3  34).
 Writing the Equation of an Hyperbola
1. Determine the center.
2. Determine which way it opens (what variable comes
first)?
3. Determine the distance to the vertices (first
denominator).
4. Find the other denominator.
(You may be given a focus or the equations of the asymptotes)
5. Plug in all known values to write the equation.

* Again… it can be helpful to sketch a quick graph!

 Example1: x  9 y  4 x  54 y  113  0
2 2

(x  4 x)  (9 y  54 y)  113 Group terms

2 2

(x  4 x  __)  9( y  6 y  __)  113Complete the square

2 2

(x  4 x  4)  9( y  6 y  9)  113  4  (9)(9)
2 2

(x  2)2  9( y  3)2  36 Simplify Don’t forget to the

negative nine!
(x  2)2 9( y  3) 2 36
  Divide by Constant
36 36 36
(x  2) ( y  3)
2 2
 1
36 4
 EX2. The Hyperbola
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and the
equations of the asymptotes using the following equation of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 = 399
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 − 4(𝑥 2 + 18𝑥) = 399
10 2 18
= 5 5 = 25 =9 92 = 81
2 2
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 25 − 4(𝑥 2 +18𝑥 + 81) = 399 + 25 − 324
(𝑦 + 5)2 −4(𝑥 + 9)2 = 100
(𝑦 + 5)2 4(𝑥 + 9)2
− =1
100 100
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2
− = 1 Opening up/down
100 25
 CONTINUED…..
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and the
equations of the asymptotes using the following equation of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2 Foci:
− =1
100 25 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 25 = 𝑐 2 − 100
Center: (−9, −5) 𝑐 2 = 125 𝑐 = 125 = 5 5
−9, −5 − 5 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9, −5 + 5 5)
Vertices:
−9, −16.18 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9,6.18)
𝑎2 = 100 𝑎 = 10
−9, −5 − 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9, −5 + 10)
−9, −15 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9,5)
 CONTINUED
Find the center, the vertices of the transverse axis, the foci and the
equations of the asymptotes using the following equation of a hyperbola.
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 72𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 399 = 0
(𝑦 + 5)2 (𝑥 + 9)2
− =1
100 25
Equations of the Asymptotes
Center: (−9, −5)
𝑎 = 10 𝑏=5
𝑎
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = ± (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑏
10
𝑦 − (−5) = ± (𝑥 − (−9))
5
𝑦 + 5 = ±2 (𝑥 + 9)
Think Pair and Share #3 and 4 on
Guided Notes Handout Day 1
 Review of ELLIPSE characteristics
Vertical.
Vertex
Minor axis
EQUATION ( x  h)2 ( y  k )2
 1
a FORM b2 a2
Co-vertex CENTER (h, k )
V=(h , k)
VERTICES (h, k ± a)
Co-vertex b c
CO-VERTICES (h ± b , k)
Focus MAJOR AXIS vertical
Vertex MAJOR length 2a

Major axis MINOR AXIS horizontal

MINOR length 2b
FOCI
c  a b
2 2 2 (h , k ± c )
 Review of ELLIPSE characteristics -
Horizontal
Vertex
EQUATION ( x  h)2 ( y  k )2
Co-vertex  1
FORM a2 b2
Focus CENTER (h, k )
a V=(h , k) c
VERTICES (h ± a , k)
b CO-VERTICES (h, k ± b)
MAJOR AXIS horizontal
Co-vertex
Vertex MAJOR length 2a

Major axis MINOR AXIS vertical

MINOR length 2b
Minor axis
FOCI (h ± c , k)
c  a b
2 2 2