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  • Acids and Bases: Third Year Science

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    This document provides information about acids and bases including: 1) Acids have a sour taste and are corrosive, examples include lemon juice and hydrochloric acid. Bases are the opposite of acids and can also be corrosive, examples include toothpaste and bleach. 2) Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base that cancels them out, producing a salt and water. Common uses of neutralization include antacids and treatments for bee stings. 3) Titrations involve using a burette to carefully add an acid to a base or vice versa until neutralization is reached, allowing the exact amount of acid or base to be determined.

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    This document provides information about acids and bases including: 1) Acids have a sour taste and are corrosive, examples include lemon juice and hydrochloric acid. Bases are the opposite of acids and can also be corrosive, examples include toothpaste and bleach. 2) Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base that cancels them out, producing a salt and water. Common uses of neutralization include antacids and treatments for bee stings. 3) Titrations involve using a burette to carefully add an acid to a base or vice versa until neutralization is reached, allowing the exact amount of acid or base to be determined.

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    24 vues14 pages

    Acids and Bases: Third Year Science

    Transféré par

    api-406307933
    This document provides information about acids and bases including: 1) Acids have a sour taste and are corrosive, examples include lemon juice and hydrochloric acid. Bases are the opposite of acids and can also be corrosive, examples include toothpaste and bleach. 2) Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base that cancels them out, producing a salt and water. Common uses of neutralization include antacids and treatments for bee stings. 3) Titrations involve using a burette to carefully add an acid to a base or vice versa until neutralization is reached, allowing the exact amount of acid or base to be determined.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 14

    Third Year Science

    Acids and Bases


    Acids
    • Acid comes from a Latin word that means sour
    • Taste sour and sharp
    • Strong acids can be dangerous
    – Described in chemistry as corrosive
    • Safety precautions are needed with
    laboratory acids
    Examples of acids
    • Lemon juice (citric acid)
    • Vinegar (ethanoic acid)
    • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
    • Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
    Bases
    • The opposite of acids
    • Used a lot in everyday life
    • Can be as corrosive and dangerous as acids
    • Safety precautions are needed with strong
    bases
    Examples of bases
    • Toothpaste
    • Bleach
    • Indigestion tablets (antacids)
    • Sodium hydroxide [NaOH]
    • Ammonia [NH4]
    • Limewater [Ca(OH)2]
    Neutralisation
    • Acid = chemical opposite of a base
    • If we mixed them:
    – They cancel each other out!

    Neutralisation: Chemical reaction between


    an acid and a base

    Acid + Base Salt + Water


    Neutralisation
    • Everyday uses of neutralisation:
    Indigestion
    Antacids are bases that neutralise stomach acid

    Bee sting
    Baking soda: a base that neutralises the acidic
    sting
    Wasp sting
    Vinegar: an acid that neutralises the basic sting
    Neutralisation with carbonates
    Carbonate: any chemical with a CO3 group at
    the end
    • Carbonates are bases
    • When they react with acids, they also produce
    carbon dioxide

    Acid + Carbonate Salt + Water + carbon dioxide


    Demonstrating a Neutralisation
    Reaction
    Titrations
    What is a a very accurate method calculating
    exactly how much acid is needed to
    Titration?
    neutralise a base
    Equipment used:

    Burette Pipette Pipette filler


    OC38: Titrating HCl against NaOH and
    preparing a sample of NaCl
    • NaOH in
    conical flask
    with
    universal
    indicator
    • HCl in
    burette
    • Add slowly
    until colour
    changes
    OC38: Titrating HCl against NaOH and
    preparing a sample of NaCl

    Hydrochloric Sodium Sodium


    acid + hydroxide chloride + Water

    HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O


    Reactions of Acids with Metals
    • Many metals will react with acids
    • This produces a salt and hydrogen gas
    Hydrochloric Zinc
    Zinc + acid chloride + Hydrogen

    Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2
    OC51: Investigating the reaction between
    zinc and hydrochloric acid, and test for
    hydrogen

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