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a
The waves from S0 illuminate the
slits S1 and S2 which act as
coherent secondary sources.
Each wavefront is split and since OPD n(S1P S2 P) na sin m
the phase difference is constant sin tan y s
for waves arising from S1 and S2.
ms s ym m
ym y m
na na s na
Example:
Helium yellow light illuminates two slits, separated by 2.644 mm, in a Young’s experimental
set-up. If 21 bright fringes occupy 20 mm on a screen 4.5 m away, calculate the wavelength.
Assume the refractive index of air is 1.
y 20 21 1 1.00 mm
s nay
y 587.6 nm
na s
Fresnel’s biprism:
The apical angle is about 0.5. Light
reaching the screen appears to come from the s
two coherent secondary sources S1 and S2,
formed by the biprism. The arrangement is
then identical to the Young’s double-slit
geometry with s=R+d, a=2R=2R(ng/n-1).
R d
Example:
Red light from a hydrogen discharge lamp, =656.28 nm, is incident at 30 on a thin film of
refractive index 1.5. What is the minimum thickness of film if an intensity maximum is to be
observed?
2n f t cos i 2 m n sin i n sin i i 19.47
2
tmin 1650 nm
2n f cos i
t 2m 1 m 0, 1, 2,...
4n f
amplitude condition: n f n1 ns
f
t min
4n f 4
The Newton’s ring is formed by an air wedge between the spherical surface and an
optically flat surface. Equal-thickness contours are concentric circles around the
point of contact with the optical flat
rm2 t m2
R r R tm R
2 2 2
m
2t m
For rm>>tm, rm2 2 Rt m The radius of the mth order of the dark fringe is
m mR
2n f t rm
m 1 2 nf
rm
mR
r202 r102
20 10R
nf nf
R 19.92 cm
a a f
d
x 2n f x 2 d
t m1 t m 60 10 3
x xm1 xm 0.13 10 3 m
2n f 462 1
t m 0.1
1.667 10 3
xm 60
nf 1.358
2x