Nimfa Grace Lo and Zyle Rouen Plana 11-Mandible

What is
chess? Chess is a board game of strategic
skill for two players, played on a
checkered board. Each player
begins the game with sixteen pieces
that are moved and used to capture
opposing pieces. The object is to
put the opponent's king under a
direct attack from which escape is
impossible.
Origin of chess
• Chaturanga, translates as "four
divisions (of the military)“
• Infantry, Cavalry, Elephantry,
and Chariotry
• 6th Century AD, Gupta Empire
• Played on an 8 x 8 board
“ashtapada”
Evolution to chess
• 7th Century AD, Persia
• Chatrang to “Shatranj”
• The term Shah Maat to describe
what is now known as Check
mate
Anatomy of
Chess Board
A B C D E F G
8 H 8 • Total of 64 tiles (8 x 8)
7 7 • Columns ( called files) are
6 6 labeled by the letters a to h from
5 5 left to right from the white
4 4 player's point of view
3 3 • rows (called ranks) by the
2 2
numbers 1 to 8, with 1 being
1 1
A B C D E F G closest to the white player
H
Pawn
• Most numerous piece in the game of chess (8
per color)
• When the pawn is on its initial square it can
choose to move either one square or two
squares. Once it moves from there, it can only
move one square at a time.
• Pawns can’t move vertically only if they are
blocked by an enemy piece.
• A pawn can capture an enemy piece by moving
diagonally.
Knight
• Representing a knight (armored cavalry)
• It is normally represented by a horse’s bust (2
per color)
• Knights move in an “L” shape of motion
• The Knight is the only chess piece that can
"jump" over other pieces
• When the Knight is in the center of the board, it
can move to 8 different squares
rook
• Formerly the piece was called
the tower, marquess, rector
• The rook is almost universally represented as
a crenellated turret (2 per color)
• The Rook can move in horizontal and vertical
lines, all the way until it meets an obstacle (end
of board or a piece).
bishop
• Formerly the piece was called
the tower, marquess, rector
• The bishops may be differentiated according to which
wing they begin on, the king's bishop and queen's
bishop. As a consequence of its diagonal movement,
each bishop always remains on either the white or
black squares. (2 per color)
• The bishop can move diagonally, all the way until it
meets an obstacle (end of board or a piece).
queen

• Most powerful piece; able to move any number of

squares vertically, horizontally or diagonally
• the Queen can move until she meets an obstacle (end
of board or other piece), in straight lines, and in
diagonals.
King
• Most important piece; The object of the game is to
threaten the opponent's king in such a way that
escape is not possible (checkmate)
• If a player's king is threatened with capture, it is said
to be in check, and the player must remove the threat
of capture on the next move. If this cannot be done,
the king is said to be in checkmate, resulting in a loss
for that player.
• it is usually the weakest piece in the game until a later
phase, the endgame.
• the King can move to all adjacent squares.
Concepts of
Check
A player's king is under threat of capture on their opponent's
next turn
Checkmate
The opponent's king is in check, and there are no moves
that remove the king from attack. The king can move only
one square horizontally, vertically, or diagonally
Stalemate
A position in which the player whose turn it is to move has
no legal move and his king is not in check. A stalemate
results in an immediate draw.
En Passant
If a pawn moves out two squares on
its first move, and by doing so lands
to the side of an opponent's pawn
(effectively jumping past the other
pawn's ability to capture it), that
other pawn has the option of
capturing the first pawn as it passes
by. This special move must be done
immediately after the first pawn has
moved past, otherwise the option to
Castling
• Allows you to do two important
things all in one move: get your
king to safety (hopefully)
• On a player's turn he may move
his king two squares over to one
side and then move the rook from
that side's corner to right next to
the king on the opposite side.
Castling
• It must be that king's very first
move
• It must be that rook's very first
move
• There cannot be any pieces
between the king and rook to move
• The king may not be in check or
pass through check