Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
EME-083
UNIT-II
B.TECH 8TH SEM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BY
Swati Sachan
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
MECHANICAL ENGG. DEPTT
CONTENTS
Define
Gather Concept Evaluation of
problem
information generation concept
Problem statement
Benchmarking Internet Brainstorming Decision matrices
QFD Patents Functional
PDS Trade literature decomposition
Project planning
Embodiment Design
Product Design Specification
The product design specification is the basic control and
reference document that would include the outcomes of the
product development exercise, and is the must to begin with and
execute the design and manufacturing of any specific part or
product.
The quality function deployment tool provides the most crucial
inputs in writing the product design specifications.
Following are some of the important elements of a typical product
design specification document. It is, however, not necessary that
the product design specification document of any product will
contain all these elements.
Product Design Specification
[A] In-use purposes and market requirements
(a) Title and Purpose or function of the product,
(b) Predictable unintended use of the product,
(C) Special features of the product,
(d) What would be the competitive products?
(e) What is the indented market and why there is a need for this
product?
(f)Relationship of the product to the other company products,
(g) Anticipated market demand (units per year) and target price.
Product Design Specification
[B] Functional Requirements
(a)Functional performances such as flow of energy, information,
materials, operational steps, efficiency, accuracy, etc.,
(b)Physical requirements such as shape, size, weight, surface
finish, etc.,
(c) Service environment such as storage and transportation
requirement,
(d) Life-cycle issues including useful life, reliability (mean time to
failure), robustness, ease of installation, maintenance and repair,
recyclability, etc.
(e)Human factors including importance of aesthetics, ergonomics
and user-training.
Product Design Specification
[C] Corporate Constrains
(a) Is there adequate time to design a quality product and its
manufacturing process (time to market)
(b)What are the requirements for manufacturing this product?
(c) Do existing relationships with the suppliers pose any constraint
on manufacturing?
(d) Are there any constraints in using the trademark, logo, brand
name?
(e) What are the profitability and return on investment (ROI) that
must be met?
(f) The production team should follow professional ethics at every
level of the design process when they are dealing with
suppliers, dealers, corporate officials, society etc.
Product Design Specification
[D] Social, Political and Legal Requirements
(a) The product design specification should meet / contain all the
requisite safety and environmental regulations,
(b) The product design specification should contain all the required
standards,
(c) The product design specification must be completed with
respect to all safety and liability norms,
(d) The product design specification should consider all the
information related to the patents and intellectual property that
are applicable.
Phase III: Detailed Design
• The purpose of the detailed design is to produce a complete
engineering description of a tested and producible design for
manufacture. Any missing information about the arrangement,
form, material, manufacturing process, dimensions, tolerances
etc of each part is added and detailed engineering drawing
suitable for manufacturing are prepared. A detailed design
includes manufacturing drawings with tolerances.
1. By keeping all the preliminary design in mind master layout is
created and all the constraint, dimension and parameter is
noted.
2. Actual prototype is made for suitable scale so that it can be
tested in various aspect.
3. Basic redesign and refinement is done until the promised
design is accomplished.
Phase IV: Planning for Manufacture
• A procedure sheet is to be made which contains a sequence
of manufacturing operations that must be performed on the
component.
• It specifies clearly the tooling, fixtures and production
machines. This phase may include planning, and inventory
control, quality control system, the fixing of standard time
and labor cost for each operation.
Phase IV: Planning for Manufacture
1. Designing specialized tools and fixtures
2. Specifying the production plant that will be used Detailed
process planning is done with the help of process sheet
where every task is mentioned in sequence or as per order.
3. Planning the work schedules and inventory control, MPS,
routing.
4. Planning the quality assurance system
5. Establishing the standard time and labor costs for each
operation
6. Establishing the system of information flow necessary to
control the manufacturing operation, responsibility
distribution at shop floor.
7. Financial Planning is done
Phase V: Planning for Distribution
• The success of a design depends on the skill exercised in
marketing the product. Also the user oriented concern such as
reliability, ease of maintenance, product safety, convenience in
use, aesthetic appeal, economy and durability must met. The
product life considering actual wear or deterioration, and
technological obsolescence must be planned.
The Purpose of this phase is to design an effective and flexible
system of distribution of warehousing system.
Designing the packaging of product
Planning of warehousing of product
Planning for promotional activity
Designing the product for condition arising in distribution.
Phase VI: Planning for CONSUMPTION/Use
The purpose of this phase is to provide a rational basis for
product improvement and redesign and to incorporate in design
adequate service features.
Design for reliability
Design for safety
Design for maintenance
Design for ease in use
Design for aesthetic feature
Design for operational economy
Design for adequate duration of service
Phase VII: Planning for Retirement of the Product
The purpose of this phase is to consider the problems associated
with retiring and disposing of a product.
Design to reduce the rate of obsolescence by taking into account
the anticipated effect of technology development
Design physical life to match anticipated service life.
Designing the product so that reusable material and long lived
component can be recovered.
Testing of serviced part in laboratory for design purpose.
Adaptive Design: This design requires only minor modification
usually in size alone or if the changes are more but original design
concept is same. The level of creativity needed is negligible because only
adaptation of existing design is essential.
Variant design: This design approach followed by companies who
wish to serve product variety to satisfy varying customer tastes. e.g. Hero
honda: CD 100, CD Delux, Passion, splender are variant design.Honda
city: Honda city petrol E, S , SV, V, VX
Creative design: It requires most demanding design efforts and
new product is designed.
Modular design: use of modules or building blocks for
assembling and producing a variety of products is termed modular
design. E.g. furniture companies. Its adv. Is lower inventory, better
flexibility, low cost etc.
Configuration design: It is a form of special assembly drawings to
prove success or failure of the assembly (layout drawing) .
Design Criteria
1. Strength Based Criteria: the strength of the material must be
larger than the induced stress anywhere in m/c element
especially in critical elements.
– Ductile material usually failed by yielding. Brittle material usually failed
by fracture. Sy or Su > induced stress for safe design.
2. Rigidity Based Criteria: this design criteria usually applied in
machine tool design and instrument design. Induced stress is
less. Cast iron is used extensively used in machine tool because
of high modulus to strength ratio. Rigidity is imp. for
prevention of vibration
3. Impact Based Criteria: Impact based design is most important
in the case of automobile bumpers, automobiles safety devices
power tools, watches and electrical & electronics products etc.
Impact is also the foremost factor in designing boxes and
containers for packaging
Creativity