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DIARRHEA
Adviser by :
dr. Alfred, Sp. A
Writen by:
Meylinda (1261050133)
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
• Diarrhea is an increase in the frequency and looseness of
stool.
• It results when some factors impair the ability of the
intestine to absorb water from stool.
Classification
According to:
1. Mechanism
• Osmotic
• Secretory
• Motility
2. Origin
• Acute
• Chronic
Classification According to Mechanism
• Osmotic diarrhea:
• when non absorbable solute pulls excess
water into the intestinal tract.
• Secretory diarrhea:
• When the intestinal wall is damaged,
increased secretions rather than absorption of
electrolytes in the intestinal tract.
• Motility disorder:
• Decreased contact time of fecal mass with the
intestinal wall
Classification According to Origin
• Acute: (2-3 days and may last up to 2 weeks)
Due to:
• Infection
• Virus (Rota)
• Bacteria
• Protozoa (Giardia lambila,entamoeba histolytica).
• Diet
• Food allergy
• High fiber diet
• Large amount of caffeine
• Chronic: (more than 2 weeks).
Due to:
• Protozoal infection
• IBS
• Malabsorption syndrome
• Pancreatic disease
Risk factors
• Occurrence – First 2 years of life (6 – 11 months)
• Low socio-economic status
• Non breast fed babies
• Associated with measles, severe malnutrition,
immunodeficiency
Etiology
• Common - Rotavirus, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
(ETEC), Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC),
Shigella, Campylobacter jejuni
• Osmotic diarrhea – Carbonated soft drinks, ORS with high sugar content.
Injury to enterocytes >>epithelial destruction >> <ed mucosal disaccharidse
activity. Passage of large, frothy, explosive and acidic stools. Dehydration,
hypernatremia.
Consequences of diarrhea