Population in India

POPULATION in
INDIA
Lesson 4: An Introduction to India
Key Questions:
1. What are the key demographic indicators of India?
2. Where are the major cities of India?
3. What are the major geographical features of India?
Skills: Drawing maps, working with demographic indicators
Do Now:
Identify the flags of the following Monsoon Asia countries…
SRI I A RTH
K A AYS NO EA
L R
LAN MA KO
I NE
I PP DIA
HIL IN
P S
Fact File: Our Case Study in Monsoon Asia, India
1. Write the following heading in you book: “Key Numbers in

India”
2. I’m going to put up a series of numbers. Write each one
down, and try to guess what they represent.
17.31%
The percentage of the world’s population that lives in
India. (India has a population of 1.18 billion)
15
people
2 of
them
Indian
Good job
photo
69.89
The life expectancy in India. (Women 72.6, Men 67.5)
She’s wondering
about all the
cool stuff she
will do with her
extra 5 years.
22.22
The birth rate per 1000 people per year
Imagine Massey High

School producing about
50 babies per year.
P.S:
World’s highest = Niger
(51.6)
World’s lowest = Japan
(7.6)
NZ = 13.9
6.4
The death rate per 1000 people per year
Imagine 15 people at
Massey High School
dying a year.
P.S:
World’s highest = Swaziland
(30.8)
World’s lowest = UAE (2.1)
NZ = 7.1
31.1%
The percentage of the Indian population under the age
of 14
A lot of these charming

youngsters
29
The number of languages in India with over 1 million
speakers.
37%
The percentage of the Indian population below the
poverty line.
P.S:
World’s highest = Zambia (86)
World’s lowest = Lithuania (4)
NZ = ?
Activity 1: Geography of India
1. Grab an atlas and answer the following questions
(a) What two hemispheres is India in?
(b) What are the latitudes at its most northern and
southern points?
(c) What are the longitudes at its most eastern and western
points?
Answers: (d) How many other countries does it share a border with?
Name (a)
them.
Northern and Eastern
(b) North: 36oN South: 8oN
(c) East: 97oE West: 68oE
(d) Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, China, Bhutan,
Myanmar
Mehndi
Akshardham temple
Festival of Colours
(Holi)
Western Ghats
Ganges River
Thar Desert
Deccan Plateau
Activity 1: Geography of India
1. Grab an atlas and answer the following questions
(a) What two hemispheres is India in?
(b) What are the latitudes at its most northern and
southern points?
(c) What are the longitudes at its most eastern and western
points?
2. Take a blank copy
(d) How of the
many Indian
other map and
countries findit and
does label
share the with?
a border
following
Name things:
them.
(a) The top 10 largest cities: Mumbai (Bombay), Delhi,
Bangalore, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Hyderabad,
Ahmadabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur.
(b) Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal
3. Take a copy of “Population Studies” and turn to page 73. Using
the top map showing landform regions:
(a) label the Ganges River, Brahmaputra River and the
Tropic of Cancer
(b) copy the key, shade in the regions and name the
landforms (Deccan Plateau, Thar Desert, Western Ghats, Ganges
Plain, Himalayan Range).
Lesson 4: The Distribution of Population
Key Questions:
1. What are the physical factors that control population
location?
2. What are the cultural factors that control population
location?
3. What are the specific physical and cultural features in India
that influence population distribution?
Skills: Reading and comparing choropleth maps , describing
distribution patterns, reading and interpreting geographic models
Do Now:
Answer these questions:
1. Why is Auckland the biggest city in New Zealand?
2. Where do you think would be the WORST place to live in
New Zealand, and why?
Activity 1: Population Density in India Sketch Map
1. Take a copy of “Population Studies” and turn to page 73.
2. In your book, sketch Map C, showing the population density of

India. You can trace it if you want to, but eventually we want to be
able to draw it by hand. Why not start practicing now?
3. Answer these questions:

(a) Which of the top 10 largest cities is in a region with the lowest
population density?
(b)Roughly what percentage of the country has a density higher
than 200 people per km2?
(c) Roughly what percentage of the country has a density lower than
50 people per km2?
Activity 2: Factors Influencing Population Density
1. Sort the following things into two categories – physical features
(those relating to the natural world) and cultural features (relating to
people)
soil fertility educational, health and recreation
rainfall facilities
family landforms
temperature raw material resources
employment city location
water supply transport facilities
deep sheltered distance from the sea
harbours history
2. Take a look at your Do Now where you explained why Auckland was
the biggest city in NZ. Which of the factors above did you refer to?
Circle them. Then think of two more reasons based on the factors
above.
Natural Features Include things like
landforms
climates
waterways
natural vegetation
and soils
‘The natural environment
either attracts or
repels people’
Activity 3: Attract or repel?
Create a table like below and note down what

images would
attract or repel
Examples of factors that Examples of factors that
Attract Repel
1.Attract or repel?
Mountainous
regions
2. Attract or repel?
Desert
Flat land
Swamp
Rocky land
Coast/ beach
Bush land
Flood plains
Gentle rolling land
Thin soils, rocky
Examples of factors Examples of factors
that Attract that Repel
- Flat land - Mountains
- Undulating land - Desert
- Coastal - Swamp
- FLAT bush - Rocky
- Flood plains - Thin soils

Study Break – Fling the Teacher
Activity 4: Relationship Between Natural Environments and
Population
Copy Fig. 2.2 on page 9 of Anderson
Activity 5: Describing the Population Density of India in Relation
to Physical Factors
1. Replace the bracketed instructions to complete a paragraph
describing the where the highest population densities are found:
India is most densely populated in (compass direction) India, along
the border with (country), particularly centred around the (river
name). Densities in this region are over (number and unit). Two of
the largest cities in this region are (city name) and (city name).
Elsewhere, population density tends to be higher near the (general
geographic feature), around the border of the (specific geographic
feature). On the (compass direction) side, facing the (name of
water body), there are a number of important cities, including (city
name) and (city name). On the (compass direction) side, facing the
(name of water body), major cities include (city name) and (city
name).
Highest population density in India is therefore generally found on
(landform type), (number and unit) above sea level. These areas
are have very fertile (general physical feature) that allows high
crop yields. They are well-watered by the (weather event) that
come from the (compass direction) in the wet season. Snow melt
from the (specific geographic feature) keeps the (river name) and
Densely populated on the plains
around the Ganges River
Densely populated on lowlands
along the coast around rivers
Plenty of rain
Good crops
Ice melt during dry season (Ganges plain)

Important rivers for transport,
human use etc
Sparsely populated in the Thar
Desert (northwest of the country,
bordering Pakistan)
Little water, no soil, too hot!
Sparsely populated on the Deccan
Plateau (the central area of the
country)
Not much rainfall (rain
shadow)
Poor soils, high evaporation,
porous rock
Sparsely populated in the
Himalayan region
Would you live here?
Fact File: Cultural Factors that Influence Population
Density
People want jobs, money, a good standard of living, health, happiness,
safety, acceptance….
All of these things are interconnected to each other, the natural

environment, and events of the past.
The initial basis of population increase in Monsoon Asia is usually

trade. There are 3 types of area that become centres of trade activity
– raw material-producing areas, road and rail junctions, port cities
Activity 6: The Establishment of Towns and Cities
Put these in order in a flow chart to show how towns and cities
often develop.
area with
suitable
natural
features
is settled
raw supply
materials town
produced develops
raw materials
need to be
taken to
other areas
transport for
junction manufacture raw
workers
town materials
and
develops start to
farms port city be traded
need develops overseas
supplies
Activity 6: The Growth of Towns and Cities
Arrange these in a cycle to show how towns and cities can grow in
size once established.
people move to
industrialization gain better
people medicine,
move to education, health
live with
family people move
to the town
to fill the jobs
town/city
town/city gets
established bigger
job
opportunities
goods and
created
services
required
Fact File: Main Crops of India
ce
ri
e at
Wh
Sug
ar
can
e
tob
acc
o
Ju
te
coffee
Rub
ber
Cot
ton
Fact File: Rail Transport in India
Lesson 5: Population Change - Migration
Key Questions:
What are push-pull factors?
What are the two main types of migration?
How is India affected by forced migration?
How is India affected by voluntary migration?
Do Now:
Answer the following questions:
1. If the Wellington region has a population of 478,000 and a land
area of 8,000km2, what is its population density?
2. If the Canterbury region has a population of 559,000 and a land
area of 45,000km2, what is its population density?
3. Give TWO possible physical and TWO possible cultural reasons for
this difference in population density.
FYI: Global World Population DENSITY
Fact File: Migration
Migration is when people leave one place to set up home
somewhere else.
There are FOUR main reasons for migration:
Economic, Political, Social, Physical
Activity 1: Reasons for Migration

Sort the following reasons into one of the categories above.
access to consumer goods, drought, education, family reunion, floods,

government policies, health, income, lifestyle change, marriage,
wars, work
There are many push-pull factors within these categories. A push factor
is something unsatisfactory in the original location. A pull factor is
something desirable in another location.
Fact File: Forced Migration
There are three main reasons for forced migration:
1. Natural
Disasters
2. War
3. Government Policies
Activity 3: Forced Migration in India
1. What natural hazards do you think India would be subject to? List them
.
India, which lost 141,961 lives in major natural disasters since
1980, ranked 11th in the highest risk category in the “Natural
Disaster Risk Index” released by global risks advisory firm
Maplecroft this year [2010].
Three key examples:
1. Cyclone 05B that struck Orissa on 1999 left 2 million
people homeless.
2. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake killed 20,000 people and left
700,000 homeless
3. The Boxing Day Tsunami in 2004 killed 12,000 and left
650,000 homeless.
Gujarat
Orissa
Activity 3: Forced Migration in India
2. Turn to page 78 in the Population Studies book. Under the
heading “Forced out by War”, indentify and summarize
the FOUR areas of conflict that have affected India in
terms of forced migration.
Fact File: Types of Voluntary
Migration
1. Towards
certain 2.
regions Between
within a rural and
country urban
areas
4.
Within
urban
areas
3.
Between
urban
Activity 4: Rural-Urban Migration – Problems in Rural India
1. Read page 83, including the green box. Take

notes. You have ten minutes.
2. Close your books. Take a copy of the

multichoice quiz. Answer it to the best of
your ability.
3. Open the books and check your answers.
4. Complete Activity 3 on page 85.
5. Do a sketch map of Fig 8.6 on page 97

showing the rural-urban drift into Mumbai.
Picture Gallery: Indian Rural Life
Picture Gallery: Indian Urban Life
Delhi
Delhi
Kolkata
Kolkata
Mumbai
Mumbai
Chennai
Chennai
Activity 5: Rural-Urban Migration – Migration Issues
1. Make a list of THREE positive effects and

THREE negative effects you think rural-urban
migration has on the Indian population.
2. Take a copy of the blank table. Read pages

86, 87 and 88. Fill in the table with as many
examples as you can find. Don’t forget
specific info, like city names etc.
Fact File: International Migration – India
Relatively few people migrate in or out of Monsoon Asia

countries
Only 1.5% of the Indian population is foreign-born.
India does suffer a “brain drain”, as well-educated,

English-speaking university graduates move overseas
(USA, UK, Australia) where they can earn more.
However, most emigrants from Monsoon Asia are

unskilled workers who move to wealthy countries for
low-paid jobs the locals don’t want.
Young Indian women take domestic service jobs in the
Middle East. There are over 3 million Indians living in
the Middle East.
Activity 7: Recap
1. Take a piece of blank white paper. Draw a

sketch map of India on it. Label the Himalayas,
Ganges plain, Deccan Plateau, Thar Desert and
the Western Ghats, and show areas of high
population density. Draw and label three key
cities as well.
2. Take a piece of refill. Write a paragraph
explaining how the population density of India is
related to landform, rainfall, soils and
temperature
3. Write a paragraph describing ONE type of
migration present in India, and how it affects
the population.
Lesson 6: Population Growth
Key Questions:
What is natural increase?
What is the Demographic Transition model?
What are some of the factors that increase population growth?
What is population growth in India like?
Activity 1: Natural Increase and Growth Rate
a. Read page 104 and 105 and answer the following
questions:
1. How is population growth calculated?
2. How is this different from natural increase?
3. Why is population growth and natural increase almost
the same in Monsoon Asia?
4. How do rural and urban people differ in their view of
children? What about rich and poor, and religious and
non-religious?
5. What is the doubling rate?
6. What makes a “population explosion”?
b. Draw a double bar graph of Table 9.1. Remember
all the conventions.
Fact File: The Demographic Transition Model
 The DTM describes a sequence of changes in the

relationship between birth rates and death rates.
 The model was produced using changes in the
natural increase in several industrialised countries
in western Europe and North America.
 It suggests that the population growth rates for all
countries can be divided into four stages
BIRTHS AND DEATHS PER 1000 PER YEAR
Demographic Transition Model
Total population
Birth rate
Death rate
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

TIME
Fact File: Where is India?
India appears to
have entered
Stage 3
The death rate has
fallen less rapidly
since 1981.
The birth rate has
been falling since
1971.
However, because of
the huge
population, it is
still growing
quickly, and still
BIRTH RATES AND DEATH RATES
2
high birth rate, death rate drops G E
TA
rapidly S
1
E
G high birth rate, high death rate,
A
ST roughly in balance
low birth rates, low death rates, with E 4

slight fluctuations A G
ST
3
G E
A birth rates start falling, death rate
ST
falls at a slower rate
EFFECTS ON POPULATION
4
total population is high and stable, E
A G
though it has the possibility of T
S
2 declining
G E a population explosion, with a large
TA increase in size very quickly
S
population starts to level off, and the 3

population starts to become less G E
A
youthful ST
1
G E
A small, constant, youthful population
ST
with low life expectancy
Lesson 7: Population Structure
Key Questions:
What is a population pyramid?
How does the shape of a population pyramid relate to the
DTM?
What issues are created by different population structures?
Key vocabulary:
baby boom, yesterday’s children, aging population, youthful
population, , dependent population, dependency ratio
Skills:
Creating population pyramids.
POPULATION STRUCTURE
The population pyramid displays the age
and sex structure of a country or given area
OLD DEPENDANTS
ECONOMICALLY
Population in ACTIVE
Five Year
Age bands YOUNG
DEPENDANTS
FEMALES
MALES Usually, but not always, To the right
To the left In % to make for easier
comparisons
between countries
Activity 1: Population Pyramid for India
Take a copy of the blank population pyramid

grid and the two sets of data (2000 and 2050)
Complete the population pyramids. Be sure to
title them correctly, so you know which one is
which!
Activity 1: Population Pyramid for India
Do your population pyramids

look like these?
Population Pyramids related to the
Demographic Transition Model
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4
IMPLICATIONS IMPLICATIONS IMPLICATIONS IMPLICATIONS

Both birth rates and Population starts Population continues Low Crude Birth Rate
Death rates are to grow at an to grow but at slower and Crude Death Rate
High, so population exponential rate due to rate. Low C Death Rate. Higher dependancy ratio
growth rates are fall in Crude Death Rate. Dramatically declining and longer life expectancy
slow but population More living In middle age. Crude Birth Rate. Crude Death Rate does
Is usually restored Life expectancy rises Rise slightly because of
Due to high birth Infant mortality rate falls. The ageing population
Rate. Short life
Expectancy
How to interpret population
pyramids
There main types of
pyramids
 Rapid growth
 Slow growth
 Negative growth
Shape of rapid Shape of Shape of negative

growth Slow growth growth
What Population Pyramids Show Us
KEY
slope of pyramid indicate the death rate
width of the base is related to birth rate/fertility rate
proportions of men and women can suggest male or female migrations
height of graph can indicate life expectancy
"kinks" indicate dramatic reductions in birth rate or increases in

death rate in the past
The overall shape of the population pyramid can indicate what stage of the DTM
a country is in
Population pyramid of a less developed
nation
Population Pyramid of Nigeria (1995)

Population pyramid of a developed
nation
Population Pyramid of Sweden (1995)

Soviet Union
http://worldatlas.com/webimag
e/countrys/europe/eur.htm
http://www.gendercide.org/case_stalin.html
Enemies of the State
WWI- 1914-1918
1,700,000 military dead
December 1934
Stalin began a period of
purging and terror that
lasted until 1939 and was
marked by the execution of
virtually the entire political
and military elite.
http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/riley/787/Soviet/Stalin/Stalin.html
Soviet Union
 How would you
determine how
World War I
impacted the male
population?
 What age group

was impacted by
Stalin’s purges?
Cambodia
 April 17th, 1975 the Khmer
Rouge, a communist
guerrilla group led by Pol
Pot, took power in Phnom
Penh, the capital of
Cambodia. During their
rule, it is estimated that 2
million Cambodians died by
starvation, torture or
execution.
Cambodia
How did the rule
of the Khmer
Rouge impact
Cambodia’s
population?
When did this

occur?
China
The Cultural revolution
Mao formally launched the

Cultural Revolution in
August 1966.
The Cultural Revolution

ended in August 1977
http://members.fortunecity.com/stalinmao/China/Cultural/
Cultural.html
China and the Cultural
Revolution
 How did the
Cultural Revolution
impact China’s
population?
 What current
issues are visible in
China’s population
pyramid?
Activity 2: Interpreting Population Pyramids
Take a copy of Population Studies and turn to

page 106.
Look at the population pyramids and then
complete the activities 1 to 8 on page 107.
Fact File: Population Structure and India
Summary
Birth rate: 21.72 births per 1000 people (2010
est)
Death rate: 7.6 deaths per 1000 people (2010
est)
DTM stage: Stage 3
Population structure: youthful population
Dependency ratio: 0.6 (2004; 672 million
aged 15-65, 408 million under 15 or over 65)
Doubling rate: 30 years (2006)
Population growth rate: 1.7% (2006)

Population in India

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Population in India

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POPULATION in

Skills: Drawing maps, working with demographic indicators

1. Write the following heading in you book: “Key Numbers in

Imagine Massey High

A lot of these charming

2. In your book, sketch Map C, showing the population density of

3. Answer these questions:

Create a table like below and note down what

- Undulating land - Desert

- FLAT bush - Rocky

- Flood plains - Thin soils

Ice melt during dry season (Ganges plain)

All of these things are interconnected to each other, the natural

The initial basis of population increase in Monsoon Asia is usually

Activity 1: Reasons for Migration

access to consumer goods, drought, education, family reunion, floods,

1. Read page 83, including the green box. Take

2. Close your books. Take a copy of the

4. Complete Activity 3 on page 85.

5. Do a sketch map of Fig 8.6 on page 97

1. Make a list of THREE positive effects and

2. Take a copy of the blank table. Read pages

Relatively few people migrate in or out of Monsoon Asia

India does suffer a “brain drain”, as well-educated,

However, most emigrants from Monsoon Asia are

1. Take a piece of blank white paper. Draw a

 The DTM describes a sequence of changes in the

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

low birth rates, low death rates, with E 4

population starts to level off, and the 3

Take a copy of the blank population pyramid

Do your population pyramids

IMPLICATIONS IMPLICATIONS IMPLICATIONS IMPLICATIONS

Shape of rapid Shape of Shape of negative

width of the base is related to birth rate/fertility rate

proportions of men and women can suggest male or female migrations

height of graph can indicate life expectancy

"kinks" indicate dramatic reductions in birth rate or increases in

Population Pyramid of Nigeria (1995)

Population Pyramid of Sweden (1995)

 What age group

When did this

Mao formally launched the

The Cultural Revolution

Take a copy of Population Studies and turn to

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