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• It is required by law
• Materials hazards
– Toxicity
– Flammability
– Incompatibility (corrosivity and reactivity)
• Process hazards
– Overpressure
– Explosions
– Loss of containment
– Noise
• Chronic Effects
• Symptoms develop over a long period of time (e.g. cancer)
• Often but not always the result of long-term exposure
• Chronic conditions usually persist or recur frequently
• LD50
• Lethal dose at which 50% of test animals are killed
• Usually expressed in mg/kg body mass
• Indicates acute effects only
• Autoignition temperature
• Temperature at which the substance ignites in air spontaneously
• Indicates maximum temperature the material can be heated to in air,
e.g., in drying
• Flammability limits
• Highest and lowest concentrations in air at normal temperature and
pressure (ntp) at which a flame will propagate through the mixture
• Vary widely for different materials
• Basic principle:
– Provide high metal surface area to act as a sink for heat and free radicals
Enardo detonation
flame arrestors
Source: Enardo LLC
www.Enardo.com
Hazard Symbols: T F
Risk Phrases: 11 22 36/37/38 45
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Appearance: colorless liquid. Flash Point: 56 deg F. Warning! Flammable liquid
and vapor. May cause central nervous system depression. May cause liver and
kidney damage. May cause cancer based on animal studies. Causes eye and skin
irritation. Causes respiratory tract irritation. Irritant. May be harmful if swallowed. • Summary of
Target Organs: Central nervous system, liver, eyes, skin.
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes,
occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid.
Skin: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while
removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse.
Ingestion: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical
aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4
cupfuls of milk or water.
Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not
breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical
aid. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically and supportively.
Carcinogenicity:
CAS# 107-06-2:
ACGIH: A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
California: carcinogen; initial date 10/1/87
NIOSH: potential occupational carcinogen
• Chronic effects
NTP: Suspect carcinogen
OSHA: Possible Select carcinogen
IARC: Group 2B carcinogen
Epidemiology: IARC Group 2B: Proven animal carcinogenic substance of pote ntial
relevance to humans. IARC Group 2B: No data availa ble on human carcinogenicity,
however sufficient evi dence of carcinogenicity in animals.
Teratogenicity: See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.
Reproductive Effects: No information found.
Neurotoxicity: No information found.
Mutagenicity: No information found.
Other Studies: See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.
© 2012 G.P. Towler / UOP. For educational use in conjunction with
Towler & Sinnott Chemical Engineering Design only. Do not copy Chemical Engineering Design
Materials Safety Data Sheet
Example: Ethylene Dichloride
Canada
US DOT IATA RID/ADR IMO
TDG
No
Shipping ETHYLENE
information
Name: DICHLORIDE
available.
Hazard Class: 3
UN Number: UN1184
Packing Group: II
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 107-06-2 is listed on the TSCA inventory.
Health & Safety Reporting List
CAS# 107-06-2: Effective Date: 6/1/87; Sunset Date: 6/1/97
Chemical Test Rules
None of the chemicals in this product are under a Chemical Test Rule.
Section 12b
• U.S. regulatory
None of the chemicals are listed under TSCA Section 12b.
TSCA Significant New Use Rule
None of the chemicals in this material have a SNUR under TSCA.
information
SARA
European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols:
TF
Risk Phrases:
R 11 Highly flammable.
R 22 Harmful if swallowed.
R 36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system
and skin.
• Foreign regulatory
R 45 May cause cancer.
Safety Phrases:
information
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
S 53 Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions
before use.
• Containment
• Sound design of plant and equipment
• For example, use welded joints instead of flanges
• Prevention of releases
• By design of equipment and disposal systems
• Ventilation
• Use open plant structure or engineered ventilation system
• Disposal
• Effective vent stacks and scrubbers
• Collection and treatment of run-off water and liquid from relief systems
• Detonation
– Combustion zone propagates at supersonic velocity, 2000 – 3000 m/s
– Pressure wave up to 20 bar
– Principal heating mechanism is shock compression
– Usually requires confinement or a high-intensity source
– Deflagration can turn into detonation when propagating along a pipe
• Expansion factor
– Measure of the increase in volume resulting from combustion
– E = (molar density of reagents)/(molar density of products)
– Maximum value of E is for adiabatic combustion
• Flame speed
– The rate of propogation of a flame front through a flammable mixture, with respect to a fixed
observer
• These are mostly operational issues, but design may need to provide
for secondary containment if the potential impact of a release is high