MARITIME ENGLISH

GENERATION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF
ELECTRICITY
Ahmet Alp ŞENER 160A1116
Mahmut AKBULUT 160A1111
 CONTENTS
1. GENERAL ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1.1 Generator
1.2 Power Generation On Board
1.3 Main Switcboard
1.4 Drive Control
1.5 Power Distribution On Board
1.6 Ships Auxiliary Services
• A ship can be considered as a mobile power plant.
• Most of the machinery is driven electrically, which thus
makes for a huge electrical power demand.
• This makes a shipboard electrical power distribution
system very important.

• Generation/ Güç Üretimi

• Distribution/Dağıtım
• Plant / Tesis
• Demand/Talep
• Ship Type Power Requirement

• Cargo ship (10,000 dwt) 1 MW.

• Tanker ships 1.5 to 5 MW

• Container ships (10000 TEU) 8 MW

• A Modern LNG carrier 12 MW

 GENERATOR

• Generators form the heart of the electrical design & their

correct sizing is the key to a safe, workable & economical
system.
• Generator often works itself and is susceptible to large
system load swings, the connection of motors and the
connection of large heater elements for air conditioning
systems.
• International maritime regulations (e.g. SOLAS), require at
least two generators for a ship's main electrical power
system.
GENERATOR
 GENERATOR

• Generators are normally driven from their own dedicated

diesel engine but this can be expensive.
• For ships engaged on long sea voyages, it can be
economical to drive the generators from the main
propulsion plant.
• International maritime regulations also require at least
one electrical generator to be independent of the speed
and rotation of the main propellers & associated shafting
and accordingly at least one generator must have its
own prime mover.
 GENERATOR

elektrik bağları

itici

debriyaj
 GENERATOR
Min 2 gen
Opt 3 gen (stand-by)

• If a minimum of two generators is provided, one of

which is driven from propeller shaft, failure of one of
generators could make ship non-compliant with
International regulations.
• For this reason many owners opt to provide three
generators. One is used for the normal sea load (e.g.
the shaft generator), leaving two available to meet any
unusually high loads or to provide security when
maneuvering.
 GENERATOR

• If a minimum of two generators is provided, one of which

is driven from propeller shaft, failure of one of generators
could make ship non-compliant with International
regulations.
• For this reason many owners opt to provide three
generators. One is used for the normal sea load (e.g. the
shaft generator), leaving two available to meet any
unusually high loads or to provide security when
maneuvering.
• Alternately, the third is retained as a standby set able to
provide power should one set fail in service or require
specific maintenance work.
 POWER GENERATION ON
BOARD

• Shipboard power is generated using a prime mover

and an alternator working together. For this an
alternating current generator is used on board.

• The generator works on the principle that when a

magnetic field around a conductor , a current is
induced in the conductor.
POWER GENERATION ON
BOARD
POWER GENERATION ON
BOARD
 POWER GENERATION ON
BOARD
• The magnetic field is generated by induction (in a
brushless alternator) and by a rotor winding energized
by DC current through slip rings and brushes. Few points
to be noted about power on board are :
• -AC, 3 phase power is preferred over DC as it gives
more power for the same size.
• -3 phases is preferred over single phase as it draws
more power and in the event of failure of one phase,
other 2 can still work.
POWER GENERATION ON
BOARD
 POWER GENERATION ON
BOARD
• Shaft Generators (SG) are driven by the main engine to
supply power to the mains.
• The power generation has to function properly also at
changing speeds of the propulsion shaft, when the ship
travels at different speed ranges, or in case of very fast
speed changes caused by heavy seas.
• To allow a stable frequency and voltage in the mains
while the main engine speed is changing - a frequency
converter in PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) technology
is used.
 POWER GENERATION ON
BOARD
• More and more vessels are equipped with these
systems due to the following advantages:
• Reduction of maintenance costs
• Lowering of fuel and lubrication costs
• Return on investment in 3 to 4 years
• Safety for ship and crew
• Low noise power generation
• Smaller or less diesel generator sets
• Continuous parallel operation together (two SG
systems) or with diesel generator sets
 MAIN SWITCHBOARD
(ANA SANTRAL)

• Main elements of a marine distribution system are

main&emergency switchboards, power panel boards,
motor controllers, lighting & small power panel boards.
• System is generally designed such that under all normal
conditions of operation, power is distributed from the
main switchboard.
• Main switchboard is generally located near centre of
distribution system and this is normally main engine
room or machinery control room. These locations are
normally below ship's waterline .
 MAIN SWITCHBOARD
• Consequently, in event of a fire or flooding it is likely
that main generators and switchboard would be
disabled.
• To ensure that electrical supplies are available to
emergency and safety systems, an emergency
generator & associated emergency switchboard will
be located above main deck in a separate space,
completely isolated from main machinery spaces.
MAİN SWITCHBOARD ON
BOARD
 DRIVE CONTROL
(SÜRÜŞ KONTROLÜ)

• Drive control system is a computer controlled system for

converters variable speed drive.
• It provides network stability in case of sudden dynamical
load changes.
• It ensures safe operation of converters with constant and
stable power supply to propulsion motors .
• It avoids loss of power under all operational conditions.
• Usually propulsion is speed controlled. So system keeps
reference speed constant as far as possible within speed ,
torque limitations & dynamic capability.
 DRIVE CONTROL
• Main tasks of drive control system can be summarized
as follows:
1. Control of converters drives, including speed
reference calculation
2. Control of drive , propeller speed according to
alternator capability, including anti-overload
prevention
3. Control of power and torque. It takes care of limits
4. Control of converter cooling
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM WORKING
PRINCIPLES
 POWER DISTRIBUTION ON
BOARD
• The Power Distributed on board a ship needs to be
supplied efficiently throughout the ship. For this the
power distribution system of the ship is used
POWER DISTRIBUTION ON
BOARD
1)Dizel Jen.
2) enerji depolama sistemi
3) elektriksel itme
4) İticiler
5) iletim hattı
6) güç elektroniği trafo merkezi
7)Dönşturucü/düş.volt.doğ.akm
8) lvcd yükler
9) merkezi kontrol masası
10)İletisim agi
POWER DISTRIBUTION ON
BOARD
 POWER DISTRIBUTION ON
BOARD
• A shipboard distribution system consists of different
components for distribution and safe operation of the
system. They are:
• Ship Generator : (prime mover)+(alternatör)
•
Main switchboard which is a metal enclosure taking
power from the diesel generator and supplying it to
different machinery.
 EMERGENCY SERVICES

• Emergency services would be supplied from emergency

switchboard using distributed panels for navigation,
safety & emergency lighting services.
• These distribution panels are also generally arranged to
be above bulkhead deck.
• For lighting it is important to ensure that a fire or flooding
in one area will not cause loss of lighting in other areas or
along escape routes & circuitry must be designed in
consideration of ships general arrangements.
 SHIP'S AUXILIARY SERVICES
(GEMİ YARDIMCI HİZMETLERİ)

• Electrical load analysis uses load list in order to estimate

expected power demand of electrical system under
specific ship operating conditions. Typical operating
conditions would be with ship, “in transit," “at anchor"
“maneuvering ” etc
INCREASED EFFICIENCY
& COST REDUCTION
 EFFICIENCY SCHEME

• Efficiencies in diesel-electric plants

• (Dizel-elektrik tesislerinde verimlilik)
 EMERGENCY POWER

• In case of failure of main power generation system on

ship, an emergency power system or a standby system
is also present. Emergency power supply ensures that
essential machinery & system continues to operate ship.
• Emergency power can be supplied by batteries or an
emergency generator or even both systems can be
used.
• Emergency generator is normally located outside
machinery space of ship. This is done mainly to avoid
those emergency situations wherein access to engine
room is not possible.
EMERGENCY POWER

Emergency Generator Layout

(Acil Jeneratör Düzeni)
 EMERGENCY POWER
• Rating of emergency power supply should be made in
such a way that it provides supply to essential systems
of ship such as
• a) Steering gear system
• b) Emergency bilge and fire p/p
• c) Watertight doors.
• d) Fire fighting system.
• e) Ships navigation lights and emergency lights.
• f) Communication and alarm system.
 EMERGENCY POWER
• Emergency generator is normally located outside the
machinery space of the ship. This is done mainly to
avoid those emergency situations wherein access to
the engine room is not possible. A switchboard in the
emergency generator room supplies power to different
essential machinery.
 POWER DISTRIBUTION &
EMERGENCY GENERATOR
POWER DISTRIBUTION PLAN

Main
en.
Shaft
gen.

Main switch
Auxılıary
board
gen

drive
Thank You For Listening