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DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

TYPES & TECHNIQUE


WHY TESTING REQUIRED?
 To ascertain Material Properties in
terms of Mechanical ,Chemical.
 To ensure material compliance to
codes, standards and specifications.
 To ensure proper Heat treatment.
 To ensure proper material structure.
 To ensure Material chemistry.
TYPES OF TESTING
DESTRUCTIVE TESTING:
• MECHANICAL TESTING like Tensile ,Bend,
Impact, etc…
• CHEMICAL TESTING :Wet chemical Analysis
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING:
• RT /UT/MT/PT/VT /LT/ET
• PMI EXAMINATION
• ON JOB HARDNESS TEST
• FERRITE TESTING
Types of Destructive testing
 DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
 Tensile test
 Bend Test
 Impact Test
 Macro examination
 Micro examination
 Drop weight test
 Nick break test
 Pullout /Push out test
Destructive testing
 From where it is done?
 Material Test Coupon (MTC)
 Welded Test Coupon (Like PQR)

 Welder Performance Qualification


Coupon (WPQ)
 Production Test Coupon (PTC)
MECHANICAL TEST
 TENSILE TEST
 Test outcome are;
• Ultimate Tensile Strength
• Yield strength
• % Elongation
• % Reduction in Area
 Testing done in;
• Universal Testing Machine (Tensile test machine)
 Testing Temperature;
• Room Temperature and Hot tensile temperature
TENSILE TESTING
 Types of specimen THK

FLAT SPECIMEN

GL
AS PER ASME
BM : 12.5 WIDE
WELD : 19 WIDE
TENSILE TESTING
 Types of specimen DIA

ROUND SPECIMEN

GL
AS PER ASME
BM : 12.5 DIA
WELD : 12.7 DIA
TENSILE TESTING
 Tensile strength (UTS) = Maximum
Load / Cross section area
 Yield strength (YS) = Yield load /
Cross section area
 % Elongation (%El) = (Final Gauge
Length –Initial Gauge Length ) / Initial
Gauge Length *100
 % Reduction in Area(%Ra) =(Initial
area –Final area ) /Initial area *100
TENSILE TESTING
 TESTING AS PER ASME CODE
 TESTING SPECIMEN PREPARTION
• BASE METAL : ASME SEC II A SA 370
• WELD METAL : ASME SEC IX & ABOVE
 TESTING ACCEPTANCE
• BASE METAL : ASME SEC II A :Material sections

• WELD METAL : ASME SEC IX FOR PQR


: ASME SEC II-C FOR CONSUMABLES

• PTC : ASME SEC VIII-DIV.1,


ASME SEC-VIII-Div.2 &
ASME SEC I
BEND TESTING
 PURPOSE :To ensure weld soundness'
 TESTED IN : UTM
 TESTED TEMP: RT
 TYPES OF BENDS :
 SIDE BEND
 FACE BEND
 ROOT BEND
 LONGITUDINAL BEND (DISIMILLAR JOINTS)
 TEST METHOD : ASTM E 190, ASME IIA & ASME SEC-IX
 TEST ACCEPTANCE : ASME SEC II-A for Base Metal &
ASME SEC IX for welds.
IMPACT TESTING
 MECHODS : CHARPY / IZOD
 METHOD USED AT HAZIRA : ASTM CALIBRATED
CHARPY IMPACT TESTING.
 PURPOSE: TO VERIFY IMPACT RESISTANCE ENERGY OF
WELDS /BASE METAL
 MACHINE CALIBRATED BY : ASME E 23 WITH NIST
SPECIMEN VERIFICATION
 SPECIMEN PREPARTION , MACHINE ARRANGEMENT w.r.t :
ASTM E23.
 TEST TEMPERATURES : +70 Deg.C to –196 Deg.C.
 TEST ACCEPTANCE : ASME SEC VIII-Div.1 , ASME SEC
VIII-Div.2 & ASME SEC II A , Material specifications.
MACRO EXAMINATION

To verify the weld fusion ,inclusions,


Defects like cracks , Lack of fusion, Lack
of penetration at Macro level.
 Test method :
 Specimen cutting , polishing and etching.
 Viewing at 10X to 20X visually or with a
Magnifying glass.
 Acceptance : As per ASME SEC IX
 Test done in: Welding PQRs , Welder
Qualification , Consumable qualification
MICRO EXAMINATION

To verify the Material structure, Corrosion


examinations , micro cracks, Material
heat treatment confirmations, etc..
.(Applicable to weld and Base metal)
 Test method :
 Specimen cutting , polishing and etching.
 Viewing at 100X to 1000x in a microscope
,Image analyzers.
 Acceptance : As per Material specifications
 Test done in: Welding PQRs , Consumable
qualification , Materials at various heat
treated conditions.
TUBE TO TUBE SHEET
WELDS
 FOLLOWING TESTS CARRIED OUT
 PUSH OUT TEST (Tube is pushed out of the
tube sheet hole) :Load is calculated
 PULL OUT TEST (Tube is pulled out of the tube
sheet hole) Load is calculated
 MINIMUM LEAK PATH EXAM :Lowest possible
path for getting leak in case of failure
 MACRO EXAM : Weld fusion ,Dimension,
Defect free weld cross section
DROP WEIGHT TEST
 Mostly done in nuclear jobs
 Test method ASTM E 208
 Tested to ensure Nil Ductility
Transmission Temperature (NDTT)
on ferritic steel.
 NDTT Temperature : Maximum
temperature in which a std drop
weight specimen breaks
CHEMICAL TESTING
 Chips removed during welding / job
preparation.
 Chips are tested with wet chemical
analysis for finding out the actual
chemical composition.
 Reference for acceptance : As per
material /consumable specification.
THANK YOU

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