DIENCEPHALON

Muh. Iqbal Basri

Department of Anatomi
Hasanuddin University

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 Posisi
 Position: Lies between midbrian and cerebrum, almost
entirely surrounded by cerebral hemisphere

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 Subdivision
 (Dorsal) thalamus
 Metathalamus
 Epithalamus
 Subthalamus
(=thalamus
ventralis)
 Hypothalamus

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THALAMUS

 As a biggest and superior part of Diencephalon

 Consist of 7 groups of Nuclei Thalami
 Nuclei Thalamus → particularly sensoris + a little of motoris
 All of tractus/fasciculus sensoris → enter to thalami → then
to Cortex Cerebri (tractus Thalamocorticalis) , except
OLFACTION (N.I)
 Thalamus is also receipt from Cortex Cerebri + other Nuclei
Subcortical
 Mainly form a wall of Ventriculus Tertius
 Posterior end is big → PULVINAR THALAMI
 Thalamus left + right → Adhesio Interthalamica

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 Thalamus dorsalis
Struktur eksterna
 A large egg-shaped
nucleus mass,
 Anterior end called
anterior thalamic tubercle,
 Posterior end called
pulvinar thalami
 Right and left portion of
thalamus are joined by
adhesio interthalamica
 Floor－sulcus
hypothalamic

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 Classification of nuclei of dorsal thalamus
Three nuclear group－divided by
lamina medullaris interna
 Anterior nuclear group
 Medial nuclear group
 Lateral nuclear group

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 internal medullary lamina
Med. nuclear group
Dorsal tier Ant. nuclear group

Pulvinar

Medial geniculate Ventral anterior

body (MGN)
Ventral intermediate

Ventral posterior nucleus (VP)

Lateral geniculate body (LGN)
Ventral posterolateral (VPL)

Ventral posteromedial (VPM )

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 Subdivision Principal Nuclei Common
abbreviation
Ant. nuclear group
Med. nuclear group
Lat. nuclear group
Dorsal tier Lateral dorsal LD
Lateral posterior LP
Pulvinar
Ventral tier Ventral anterior VA
Ventral intermediate VI
Ventral posterior VP
Ventral posterolateral VPL
Ventral posteromedial VPM

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Special relay nuclei
 Vent. anterior nucleus (VA)
 Vent. intermediate nucleus (VI)
Receiving dentate nucleus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra to
motor cortex
 Vent. posteromedial nucleus (VPM)
－receives trigeminal lemniscus and taste fibers

 Vent. posterolateral nucleus (VPL)

－receives medial lemniscus and spinal lemniscus
Projects to first somatic sensory area via central thalamic radiation

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HYPOTHALAMUS

 A part of Diencephalon → more VENTRAL

 As autonom centre
 Consist of:
1. CHIASMA OPTICUM
2. TUBER CINEREUM
3. INFUNDIBULUM
4. HYPOPHYSE LOBUS POSTERIOR
5. CORPORA MAMMILARIA

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 Hypothalamus
Posisi－lies ventral to thalamus
Batas-batas
 Superiorly: hypothalamic sulcus
 Inferiorly:
 chiasma opticum
 tuber cinereum
 Infundibulum
 Corpus mammilaris
 Anterior: lamina terminalis
 Posterior: continues with
midbrain tegmentum

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EPITHALAMUS AND SUBTHALAMUS

 EPITHALAMUS
o A part of Diencephalon → most POSTERIOR
o Consist of :
1. TRIGONUM HABENULARE + HABENULA
2. CORPUS PINEALE (=Epiphyse, = Gld.of Pineale)
3. COMMISSURA POSTERIOR
 SUBTHALAMUS
o A part of Diencephalon → most INFERIOR
o Located between Thalamus and Tegmen
Mesencephali
o There is Nucleus Subthalamicus

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 Epithalamus
Includes
 Stria medullaris
thalami
 Trigonum habenulare
 Commisura
habenulare
 Corpus pineale
 Commisura posterior

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 Nucleus subthalamicus
Corpus mammilare

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 Subthalamus

 Transition zone
between diencephalons
and tegmentum of
midbrain
 Contain subthalamic
nucleus, parts of red
nucleus and substantia
nigra

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Subdivisions
 Regio preoptic
 Regio supraoptic
 Regio tuberalis
 Regio mamillaris

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 Important nuclei
 Regio Supraoptic
 Nucleus supraoptic －produce antidiuretic hormone (ADH，
vasopressin)
 Nucleus paraventricularis －produce oxytocin
 Regio Tuberalis
 Infundibular nucleus

 Ventromedial nucleus

 Dorsomedial nucleus

 Regio Mamillaris
 Mamillary nucleus

 Posterior hypothalamic nucleus

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 Paraventricular nucleus

Paraventriculohypophyeal
tract

Supraoptic nucleus

Supraopticohypophyseal Mamillary nucleus

tract
arcuate nucleus
tuberoinfundibular tract
infundibulum

anterior lobe of hypophsis

posterior lobe of hypophysis

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 Hypothalamus --connection

 Connects with limbic system

 Connects with brainstem and spinal cord
 Connects with dorsal thalamus
 Connects with hypophysis

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 Hypothalamus --connection
 Supraoptic nucleus →supraoptic nucleus
(ADH) →supraopticohypophyseal tract
→posterior lobe of hypophysis
 Paraventricular nucleus → paraventicular
nucleus (oxytocin) →paraventriculohypophyseal
tract→posterior lobe of hypophysis

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 Hypothalamus

Function
 Regulates functions of neuroendocrine system
 Autonomic nervous system

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Metathalamus

Lateral geniculate body (LGN)

Medial geniculate body (MGN)

Metathalamus

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 Metathalamus
 Corpus geniculatum
medial (MGN)
 Relay station of audition
 Receive fibers from
inferior colliculus
 Projects to auditory area
via radiatio acustica
 Corpus geniculatum
lateral (LGN)
 Relay station of vision
 Receive fibers from optic
tract
 Projects to visual area via
radiatio optica

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Commisura posterior

Corpus pineale

Trigonum habenulare

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