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In Ethiopia, there is a
scarcity of published Identify the
risk factors of
data on the spectrum spectrum of
bacterial keratitis
of etiologic agents bacterial aetiology
and risk factors of
bacterial keratitis.
to assess the in-vitro
antimicrobial
Jimma University susceptibility of
Specialized Hospital in these bacterial
Oromia, Southwest isolates
Ethiopia
Materials and Methods
included 24
A prospective
corneal scrapings
study(Januari 2012
for bacteriological
s/d Juni 2012)
evaluation
Transported collected
Processed in
microbiologically
corneal traumas
herpetic keratitis
blepharitis
Two corneal
sheep blood agar
scrapings were
(5%), chocolate agar,
incubation obtained from each
manitol salt agar &
case with separate
MacConkey agar
needle
Stored at temperature
37ºC with CO2 5-10% The plates were
and All other media examined after 24 and
37ºC in aerobic 48 hours
conditions
• In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing of the bacterial isolates
was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method
RESULTS
The location of the
infiltrates Ulceration depth
The location of the < 30% 14 patients
infiltrates was central 18
cases 30 % - 60% 9 patients
60% 1 patients
The diameter of the Hypopyon was present
corneal infiltrate
in 4(16.7%) cases
≤ 1 mm 12 patients
Keratitis involved
1-2 mm 7 patients
right eye only 16 patients > 2 mm 5 patients
left eye only 3 patients
Both eyes 5 patients
• Of the 24 corneal scrapings
subjected to culture, 20 (83.3%) had
bacterial growth.
• In positive cultures, P. aeruginosa
(41.7%) was the most common
pathogen, followed by S. aureus
(20.8%).
Visual acuity of bacterial keratitis patients (n= 24)
at initial presentation (admission) and discharge
antibiotic-prescribing
characteristics practices including
health care
the widespread use
of the pathogens guidelines
of systemic
antibiotics,
misuse of antibiotics
include improper for viral and other extended duration
dosage regimen non-bacterial of therapy
infections
• In Ethiopia, it is in common practice that antibiotics can be purchased
without prescription, which leads to misuse of antibiotics.This may
contribute to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance
• Other factors may include availability of the suboptimal quality or
substandard antimicrobial drugs
• Increased usage of a particular antimicrobial agent
• Poor Sanitation
• Contaminated food and cross-contamination from humans or animals
• As a result the susceptibility patterns of bacteria to various
antimicrobial agents may vary from place to place and in the same place
from time to time
• P. aeruginosa, which constitutes 76.9% of the Gram
negative bacteria were highly sensitive towards amikacin
(8;80.0%), ciprofloxacin (8; 80.0%), and ceftriaxone (7;
70.0%).
• Gram-positives were susceptible to gentamicin
vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline.
KESIMPULAN
• Corneal trauma was the most common risk factor for bacterial
kera-titis followed by blepharitis.
• Bacteriological analysis of corneal scrapings also re-vealed that P.
aeruginosa was the most common isolate followed by S. aureus;
• The antibiotic with the highest susceptibility was ciprofloxacin.
• As drug resis-tance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving
process, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be
conducted to provide an update and most effective empirical
treatment for bacterial keratitis.