Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview of Firefighting
Single Line Diagram
Pumps & Pump Room
Sprinklers Systems
3
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
1. Air ( Oxygen )
2. Fuel ( Flammable Material )
3. Heat ( sufficient heat to raise
the material to its ignition
temperature )
4
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
5
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
Fire Fighting
Systems
Manual Automatic
Manual Siamese
Cabinet Fire hydrant
extinguisher connection
Sprinklers
SYS
6
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
7
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
Pump
Pump
Tank
Tank Siamese
Siamese
Room
Room connection
connection
Automatic
Automatic
Sprinklers
Sprinklers
systems
systems
8
Pump
Room
9
PUMP ROOM
Delivered water from tank to firefighting
systems
Cabinet
Cabinet
Tank
Pump
Pump
Tank
Room
Room
Sprinklers
Sprinklers
10
PUMP ROOM
11
PUMP ROOM
Horizontal Centrifugal Pump
Vertical centrifugal pump
12
Centrifugal
Centrifugal pump
pump
Impeller
Impeller
Overhung
Overhung between
between
bearing
bearing
13
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Working
Workingmechanism
mechanismof
ofcentrifugal
centrifugalpump
pump
14
GENERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
First
The liquid Step
enter
First :
the suction
nozzle and thenStep
Conversion into : of
eye
Motor
Conversion
impeller Motor
Energy Into
Energy Into
Kinetic
When the Energy
impeller rotates it
Kinetic Energy
spins the liquid sitting in the
cavities between the vanes
outward and provides centrifugal
acceleration
15
GENERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
16
FORMULA :-
This
Thishead
headcan
canalso
alsobe
becalculated
calculatedfrom
fromthe
the
readings
readingson
onthe
thepressure
pressuregauges
gauges
attached
attachedto
tothe
thesuction
suctionand
anddischarge
dischargelines
lines
17
FACT
One fact that must always be
remembered: A pump does
not create pressure, it only
provides flow. Pressure is a
just an indication of the
amount of resistance to flow.
18
11-Rotating components comprised of an
-Rotating components comprised of an
impeller and the shaft
impeller and the shaft
The
Thesuction
suctionand nozzle
and discharge
nozzle is
islocated
discharge nozzles
located at
atthe
theare
nozzles end
are
endlocated
of,
of,and
andat
located at
the
concentric
the sides
top
topof
concentric
sidesofof
the
of to,
the
the
to,
thecase
the
case
case
the
caseshaft
perpendicular
perpendicular
shaft while
whilethe
perpendicular theto
perpendicular discharge
to
to the
theshaft
discharge
tothe
the shaft.
nozzle
shaft
shaft.
nozzle
This
is
always
islocated
This
alwayspump
aaradially
located
pump at
can the
radially
at
can have
the top
split
have
top of
either
split
of case
the
thecase
either
case an
pump
axially
case
an
pumpperpendicular
axially or
orradially
perpendicular to
radially
to
split
the
theshaft
split case
casetype.
shaft type.
22
ROTATING COMPONENTS
Impeller
direction of mechanical
suction type construction
flow
Radial
Mixed
Axial Double-
Single- Closed
Open
flow suction
23
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARAMETERS
Capacity :-
D e fi n i t i o n : -
C a p a c i t y m e a n s t h e fl o w r a t e w i t h w h i c h l i q u i d
is moved or pushed by the pump to the desired
point in the process.
It is commonly measured in either gallons per
minute (gpm) or cubic meters per hour
(m3/hr). The capacity usually changes with the
changes in operation of the process.
1 - P ro ce ss l i q u i d ch a ra c te r i s t i c s i . e .
d e n s i t y, v i s co s i t y
2 - S i ze o f th e p u m p a n d i t s i n l e t a n d
o u tl e t s e c t i o n s
3 - Im p el l e r s i ze
4 - Im p el l e r ro ta t i o n a l s p e e d R P M
5 - S i ze a n d s h a p e o f ca v i t i e s b e t we e n th e
va n e s
6 - P u m p s u c t i o n a n d d i s ch a rg e
te m p e ra t u re a n d p re ss u re co n d i t i o n s
25
FORMULA :-
26
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARAMETERS (HEAD)
HEAD:-
S i g n i fi c a n c e o f u s i n g t h e “ h e a d ” t e r m
i n s t e a d o f t h e “ p r e s s u r e” t e r m
27
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARAMETERS (HEAD)
The same head term is used to measure the
k i n e t i c e n e r g y c r e a t e d b y t h e p u m p.
In other words, head is a measurement of the
height of a liquid column that the pump
could create from the kinetic energy imparted
to the liquid
28
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARAMETERS (HEAD)
The main reason for using head instead of
pressure to measure a centrifugal pump's
energy is that the pressure from a pump will
c h a n g e i f t h e s p e c i fi c g r a v i t y ( w e i g h t ) o f t h e
liquid changes, but the head will not change.
Since any given centrifugal pump can move a
l o t o f d i ff e r e n t fl u i d s , w i t h d i ff e r e n t s p e c i fi c
gravities, it is simpler to discuss the pump's
head and forget about the pressure.
29
FACT
A given pump with a given
impeller diameter and
speed will raise a liquid to a
certain height regardless of
the weight of the liquid.
30
FORMULA :-
31
DEFINITION :-
1-Static Suction Head, hS
2-Static Discharge Head, hd
Total Static Head
3-Friction Head, hf
4-Vapor pressure Head, hvp
5-Velocity Head, hv
6-pressure head hp
7-Total Suction Head HS
8-Total Discharge Head Hd
9-Total Differential Head HT
10-Net Positive Suction Head Required NPSHr
11-Net Positive Suction Head Available NPSHa
32
DEFINITION :-
1-STATIC SUCTION HEAD, HS
33
DEFINITION :-
2-STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD, HD
34
DEFINITION :-
What is Static Head?
In a pumping system, this head represents
the energy required to raise the liquid from
the pump centerline to the point in the pipe
that the liquid needs to be raised
35
DEFINITION :-
3-FRICTION HEAD, HF
36
37
DEFINITION :-
38
DEFINITION :-
5-VELOCITY HEAD, HV
It i s th e e qu i va l e n t h e a d i n fe e t th ro u gh
wh i ch th e wa te r wo u l d h a ve to fa l l to
a c qu i re th e s a m e vel o c i t y,
39
DEFINITION :-
6 - PR ES S U R E H EA D H P
S u c t i o n P re s s u re He a d e x i s t s
b e c a u s e th e s u c t i o n ta n k i s u n d e r
a p re s s u re o th e r th a n a t m o s p h e r i c.
It i s th e p re s s u re a c t i n g o n th e s u r f a c e
o f th e l i q u i d i n th e s u c t i o n ta n k .
T h i s p re s s u re c a n b e p o s i t i ve ( a b ove
a t m o s ph e r i c ) o r n e g a t i ve ( va c u u m ) .
40
DEFINITION :-
7-TOTAL SUCTION HEAD HS
T h i s i s c a l l e d To t a l S y s t e m S u c t i o n H e a d . T h i s i s
a l s o s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d To t a l D y n a m i c S u c t i o n
Head.
T h e e q u a t i o n t o c a l c u l a t e t h i s h e a d r e q u i r e m e n t
. S u c t i o n s t a t i c h e a d i s p o s i t i v e w h e n t h e r e i s a
fl o o d e d s u c t i o n a n d n e g a t i v e w h e n t h e r e i s a
suction lift.
Pressure head is zero if the tank is atmospheric.
It is added when above zero gauge pressure and
subtracted when under vacuum.
Ve l o c i t y h e a d t h e o r e t i c a l l y i s p a r t o f t h e S y s t e m
Suction Head equation. In practical application,
it is rarely considered as its value is minimal
41
DEFINITION
8-TOTAL DISCHARGE HEAD HD
42
DEFINITION :-
9-TOTAL DIFFERENTIAL HEAD HT
TOTAL HEAD SYSTEM
TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD
HT=HD-HS
43
PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVE
Total dynamic Head
Increasing capacity
decreasing Head
Capacity 44
10-NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD REQUIRED (NPSHR)
45
10-NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD REQUIRED (NPSHR)
46
DEFINITION
Efficiency
47
DEFINITION Best Efficiency point
48
DEFINITION
Power Requirements
49
50
PUMP SELECTION
pss.jnlp
51
PUMP OPERATIONS
Pumps operates by : -
Electric Engines
Diesel Engines
52
PUMP ROOM CONTENTS
53
PUMP ROOM OPERATIONS
54
PUMP ROOM SPECIFICATIONS
Any pump can be used to be Firefighting pumps as
long as matching :-
1. NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
2.LPC (Loss Prevention Council )
Manufacturing of pumps should be according to
1. American specs ANSI (American National Standards
Institute )
2. British specs BS (British Standard )
3. Germany specs DIN (Diameter Nominal )
55
PUMP ROOM SPECIFICATIONS
It should delivered with pumps test
certification from manufacturer states about
testing the pumps with its control panels
56
NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION )
The
Themeaning
meaningof of(SHALL)
(SHALL)in in
nfpa
nfpacode
code: :Indicates
Indicatesaa
mandatory
mandatoryrequirement
requirement
58
NFPA 20
The pump is required to demonstrate its
ability to achieve 65% of rated pressure when
flowing at 150% of rated capacity
59
60
NFPA20
Gallon per minute according to NFPA20
61
INSTALLATION OF PUMP
62
INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM
63
INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM
Suction Line
Discharge Line
Check Line
64
INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM
65
66
67
INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM
pump room.dwg
Pump Room 2.dwg
AutoCAD Drawings
Pump Room (Electric ).dwg
pump Room (Diesel ).dwg
Pump Room 3d.dwg
68
GALLERY
Gallery
69
Concentric reducer
70
Check Valve
71
Diesel pump fuel tank
72
Air Vent on discharge line
73
Concentric & eccentric reducers
74
Sprinklers
Systems
75
There are 4 main types of systems :-
Wet Pipe
Dry Pipe
Pre-Action
Deluge
76
WET PIPES SYSTEM
Wet pipe sprinkler systems contain water in the
riser and piping at all times. As soon as a
sprinkler head activates due to the heat of a fire,
water is immediately discharged through the
open head .
77
78
WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
MAIN CONTROL VALVE
Butterfly Valve
OBJECTIVE :-
Shut down
system for
service
79
WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
CONTROL VALVE
80
When
Whenthe thefire
fire
protection
protectionsystem
systemis is
initially
initiallybeing
being
pressurized,
pressurized,water
water
will
willflow
flow
into
intothe
thesystem
systemuntil
until
the
thewater
watersupply
supplyandand
system
systempressure
pressure
become
becomeequalized,
equalized,
and
andthe
thetorsion
torsion
Spring
Springcloses
closesthe
the
Clapper
Clapperin inthe
theAlarm
Alarm
Check
CheckValve.
Valve.Once
Once
the
thepressures
pressureshavehave
stabilized
stabilized
81
2
Leakage
Leakageinin
System
System
Restriction
INLET
Assembly
OUTLET
Flow Inlet < Flow Outlet
(1)
Flow Inlet > Flow Outlet
1 (2)
82
FIRE,FIRE
ALARM
ALARM
83
84
CHECK VALVE SYMBOL
CHECK VALVE
85
WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
DRY PIPES SYSTEM
Dry pipe sprinkler systems contain air (or
sometimes nitrogen) in the riser and piping at
all times. The air (or nitrogen) is under pressure
and this pressure maintains a "differential dry
pipe valve" in the closed position
93
DRY PIPES SYSTEM
94
DRY PIPES SYSTEM
95
96
97
PROCEDURE
When one or more automatic sprinklers operate in response
to a fire, air pressure within the system piping is relieved
through the open sprinklers.
When the air pressure is sufficiently reduced, the water
pressure overcomes the differential holding the Clapper
Assembly closed and the Clapper Assembly swings clear of the
water seat,
This action permits water flow into the system piping and
subsequently to be discharged from any open sprinklers. Also,
with the Clapper Assembly open, the intermediate chamber is
pressurized and water flows through the alarm port.
98
PROCEDURE
After a valve actuation and upon subsequent closing of a
system main control valve to stop water flow, the Clapper
Assembly will latch open Latching open of the DPV-1 will
permit complete draining of the system through the main
drain port. During the valve resetting procedure and after
the system is completely drained, the external reset knob
can be easily depressed to externally unlatch the Clapper
Assembly
. As such, the Clapper Assembly is returned to its normal
set position to facilitate setting of the dry pipe sprinkler
system, without having to remove the Hand hole Cover.
99
100
101
PREACTION PIPES SYSTEM
A Preaction System is a sprinkler system
employing closed automatic sprinklers
connected to a piping system that contains air
or nitrogen that may or may not be
pressurized. A supplemental detection system
(release line) is installed in the same area as
the sprinklers
102
NFPA 13 DEFINES THREE BASIC TYPES OF
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
Single Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of detection devices
only.
Double Interlocked: Admits water to
sprinkler piping upon operation of both the
detection devices and automatic sprinklers
103
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
Non-Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler
piping upon either operation of detection
devices or automatic sprinklers.
104
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
105
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
In accordance with NFPA 13,
the preaction sprinkler system piping and fire
detection devices shall be automatically supervised
where there are more than 20 sprinklers on the systems.
This is accomplished with air or nitrogen gas under
pressure within the sprinkler piping. If the integrity of
the sprinkler piping is compromised, the pressure will
be reduced activating a supervisory pressure switch
that transmits the signal to the release control panel
and/or fire alarm panel.
106
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
Single Interlocked
107
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
Double Interlocked
114
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
. The double interlock preaction system
utilizes a detector system and pressurized air
or nitrogen in the sprinkler system piping.
This system is arranged so that the deluge
valve will open only when both pressure is
reduced in the sprinkler piping and the
detection system operates.
115
PREACTION SYSTEMS:
If the detection system operates due to damage
or malfunction, the valve will not open, but an
alarm will sound. If the sprinkler piping is
damaged or sprinkler is broken, the valve will
not open but a supervisory alarm will sound.
The operation of both a sprinkler and a
detector (or release) is required before the
valve will open, allowing water to enter the
system piping.
116
DELUGE SYSTEMS:
A deluge system is similar to a pre-action system except the
sprinkler heads are open and the pipe is not pressurized with
air. Deluge systems are connected to a water supply through a
deluge valve that is opened by the operation of a smoke or
heat detection system. The detection system is installed in
the same area as the sprinklers. When the detection system is
activated water discharges through all of the sprinkler heads
in the system. Deluge systems are used in places that are
considered high hazard areas such as power plants, aircraft
hangars and chemical storage or processing facilities. Deluge
systems are needed where high velocity suppression is
necessary to prevent fire spread
126
DELUGE SYSTEMS:
Deluge System with Electric actuated
127
DELUGE SYSTEMS:
Deluge System with wet pilot actuated
134
DELUGE SYSTEMS:
Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated
141
ZONE CONTROL VALVE ( FLOOR C V )
148