Smith-Chart Intro 2016 en PWD

Bern University of Applied Sciences
Engineering and Information Technology

Electrical- and Communication Technology Smith-Chart
Introduction
to the
Smith Chart
Prof. F. Dellsperger
1
From theory of lines:
Z
-1
Z - Z0 Z0 Eq. 1
G= =
Z + Z0 Z
+1
Z0
G : complex Reflection Coefficient = G �q
Z : complex Impedance = R + jX
Z0 : Normalizing Impedance (usually real)
Normalized Z = z = r + jx
Z R X
z= = +j = r + jx Eq. 2
Z0 Z0 Z0
z - 1 r + jx - 1
G= = Eq. 3
z + 1 r + jx + 1
2
Representation of Reflection Coefficient in Polar Diagram:
G = G �q
G =1
0 �G �1
3
According to Eq.1, each reflection coefficient must also represent
a complex impedance Z, or according to Eq.3 a complex
normalized impedance z.
For G = 0.8�60o and Z 0 = 50W according to Eq.1 and 3:

G = 0.8�60o
1+ G 1 + 0.8�60o Z = (21.429 + j82.479)W
Z = Z0 = 50W
1- G 1 - 0.8�60o z = 0.429 + j1.65
= (21.429 + j82.479)W
1 + G 1 + 0.8�60o
z= =
1 - G 1 - 0.8�60o
= 0.429 + j1.65
4
Smith-Chart
Electrical- and Communication Technology
Why not overlay a grid with impedance values?
This would help to visualize Eq. 1 and 3.

It would also help to visualize the effect of changing
elements in a network.
For example:
For a given load impedance consisting of a serie R – L
-network the value of L changes by a certain value.
How does it affect the reflection coefficient (or VSWR)?
5
Let‘s first consider a few special points.

Short circuit: R=0, X=0, (r=0, x=0)
-1
G= = -1 = 1�180o
1
Open circuit: R=∞, X=0, (r=∞, x=0)
G = 1 = 1�0o
Z = Z0: R=50, X=0, (r=1, x=0)

G=0
Short Z0 Open
6
Draw the locus for r = 1 (R=Z0) and -∞<x<+∞
90
r + jx - 1 jx
G= =
r + jx + 1 2 + jx
135 45
r= 1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
180
1
x = +0.5
-0.1
-0.5
-1
-2
-4
-10
+1
+0.1
+∞
+10
+4
+2
0
-∞
This gives a
constant-r-circle 225
-135
315
-45
for r = 1
270
-90
7
Draw the locus for r = 0.5 (R=0.5Z0) and -∞<x<+∞

90
r + jx - 1 -0.5 + jx
G= =
r + jx + 1 1.5 + jx
135 45
r = 0.5
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
180
0.5 1
x = +0.5
-0.1
-0.5
-1
-2
-4
-10
+1
+0.1
+∞
+10
+4
+2
0
-∞
This gives a
225 315
constant-r-circle -135 -45
for r = 0.5 270

-90
8
Draw the locus for r = 0.2, 2, 4 and -∞<x<+∞

90
r + jx - 1
G=
r + jx + 1
135 45
r = 0.2
2
4
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
180
0.2 0.5 1 2 4
x = +0.5
-0.1
-0.5
-1
-2
-4
-10
+1
+0.1
+∞
+10
+4
+2
0
-∞
More
225 315
constant-r-circles -135 -45
270
-90
9
Locus for r = 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and -∞<x<+∞

90
r + jx - 1
G=
r + jx + 1
135 45
r = 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4
-∞<x<+∞ 180 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0

0.2 0.5 1 2 4
Locus for constant

real part of impedance
225 315
-135 -45
270
-90
10
Draw the locus for x = 1 (X=Z0) and 0<r<+∞
90
r + jx - 1 r + j1 - 1 1
G= =
r + jx + 1 r + j1 + 1
135 45
x= 1
0.2
2
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
180
0.2 0.5 1 2 4
1
4
+∞
00
20.2
r = 0.5
This gives a
225 315
constant-x-circle -135 -45
for x = 1 270
-90
11
Draw the locus for x = -1 (X = -Z0) and 0<r<+∞

90
r + jx - 1 r - j1 - 1 1
G= =
r + jx + 1 r - j1 + 1
135 45
x = -1
0.2
2
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
180
0.2 0.5 1 2 4
1
4
+∞
00
20.2
r = 0.5
This gives a
225 315
constant-x-circle -135 -45
for x = -1 -1
270
-90
12
Draw the locus for x = 0.2, 0.5, 2, 4, 10 and 0<r<+∞
r + jx - 1 1
G=
r + jx + 1 0.5
2
0.2 4
-10
-4
-2
+0.2
-0.5
x = -0.2
+2
+10
+0.5
+4
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.2 0.5 1 2 4
r = 0<r<+∞
-0.2 -4
Locus for constant

imaginary part of -2
-0.5
impedance
-1
13
Impedance plane
14
Impedance plane
Serie L or C
Z1 = R1 + jX1
Zin = R + j(X1 �X)
Real part of impedance = constant

15
Impedance plane
Serie R
Z1 = R1 + jX1
Zin = ( R1 + R ) + jX1
Imaginary part of impedance = constant

16
Impedance plane 90
Circles of 1
constant |G| and VSWR 0.5

135 2 45
+jx (inductive)
or
nerat
0.2 4
rd Ge
Towa
 180
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
0 0.2 0.5 1 2 4 8
VS
-jx (capacitive)
W
oad
R
=
ard L
2
1+ G -4
w
-0.2 |G|
o
VSWR = =0
T
1- G .6
225 -2 315
-135 -0.5 -45
-1
270
-90
17
Impedance plane
Serie transmission line
with Z = Z0
VS
W
R
=
4
The center of constant
VSWR-circle is the center
of Smith-Chart if Smith-
Chart is normalized to the
line impedance.
18
Admittance chart:
Y
1-
Y -Y Y0 Eq. 4
G= 0 =
Y0 + Y 1 + Y
Y0 G : complex Reflection Coefficient = G �q
Y : complex Admittance = G + jB
Y0 : Normalizing Admittance (usually real)
Y0 = 1/ Z0
Normalized Y= y
Y G B
y= = +j = g + jb Eq. 5
Y0 Y0 Y0
1 - y 1 - g - jb
G= = Eq. 6
1 + y 1 + g + jb
19
According to Eq.4, each reflection coefficient must also

represent a complex admittance Y, or according to Eq.6 a
complex normalized admittance y.
For G = 0.8�60o and Z 0 = 50W from Eq.1 und 3:
90 G = 0.8�60o
Y = (3.253 - j13.5)mS
1- G 1 - 0.8�60o
Y = Y0 = 20mS G = 0.860o y = 0.163 - j0.675
1+ G 1 + 0.8�60o 135 45
= (3.253 - j13.5)mS
.8
=0
G
q
1 - G 1 - 0.8�60
q=
o
y= =
60
o
1 + G 1 + 0.8�60o 180
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
= 0.163 - j0.675
225 315
-135 -45
270
20 -90
Using the similar procedure
as with the impedance plane
we get circles for constant Admittance plane
conductance g and arcs for
constant susceptance b.
Locus for constant

imaginary part of
admittance
Locus for constant

real part of admittance
21
Admittance plane -1
Parallel L or C Yin -0.4

-2
jb
=-
jY
0/
L
-4 Y1 -0.2
jb=jC
/Y 0
4 2 1 0.4 0.2 0
Yin
Y1 = G1 + jB1 4 0.2
Yin
Yin = G + j(B1 �B) = -jY
0
/
L
jb
2 Yin jb=jC/Y0
0.4
Y1
Real part of admittance = constant 1
22
Imittance chart
Overlay of
impedance
and
admittance
plane
23
Constant-Q circles
X G
Q = = = cons tan t
R B
24
Example using „Smith“-Software
www.fritz.dellsperger.net
25
L-networks for maching Z2 to Z0
26
L-networks for maching Z2 to Z0
27
Software: Smith V4.0 www.fritz.dellsperger.net
28

Smith-Chart Intro 2016 en PWD

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Smith-Chart Intro 2016 en PWD

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Formats disponibles

Bern University of Applied Sciences

Engineering and Information Technology

From theory of lines:

Representation of Reflection Coefficient in Polar Diagram:

For G = 0.8�60o and Z 0 = 50W according to Eq.1 and 3:

Why not overlay a grid with impedance values?

This would help to visualize Eq. 1 and 3.

Let‘s first consider a few special points.

Z = Z0: R=50, X=0, (r=1, x=0)

Draw the locus for r = 0.5 (R=0.5Z0) and -∞<x<+∞

for r = 0.5 270

Draw the locus for r = 0.2, 2, 4 and -∞<x<+∞

Locus for r = 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and -∞<x<+∞

-∞<x<+∞ 180 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0

Locus for constant

Draw the locus for x = -1 (X = -Z0) and 0<r<+∞

Locus for constant

Real part of impedance = constant

Imaginary part of impedance = constant

constant |G| and VSWR 0.5

According to Eq.4, each reflection coefficient must also

Locus for constant

Locus for constant

Parallel L or C Yin -0.4

Example using „Smith“-Software

L-networks for maching Z2 to Z0

L-networks for maching Z2 to Z0

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