Weather Patterns and

Severe Storms

Prepared by: Rachel Villablanca

and
Laarni Santos
When the weather maintains
consistency for a period of time,
5 main components of weather

1.) temperature
2.) humidity
3.) air pressure
4.) precipitation
5.) wind
Air Masses and Weather

 is an immense body of air that is

characterized by similar temperatures
and amounts of moisture at any given
time.
 This is classified according to
temperature and moisture.
Categorized with:
- Arctic air Masses
– Continental (land)
– Maritime (water)
– Polar (high latitudes)
– Tropical (low latitudes)
Four basic types of air
masses
Continental polar (cP)
Continental tropical (cT)
Maritime polar (mP)
Maritime tropical (mT)
 Fronts
Boundary that separates
between two air masses
where there are drastic
weather changes occur.
 Cold Fronts
 Cold air replaces warm air
 Shown on a map by a line with triangles
 Twice as steep (1:100) as warm fronts
 Advances faster than a warm front
 Associated weather is more violent than a warm front
 Intensity of precipitation is greater
 Duration of precipitation is shorter
Warm Fronts
• Warm air replaces cooler air
• Shown on a map by a line with semicircles
• Small slope (1:200)
• Clouds become lower as the front nears
• Slow rate of advance
• Light-to-moderate precipitation
Stationary Fronts

Occasionally, the flow of air on either side of a front is

neither toward the cold air mass nor toward the warm air
mass, but almost parallel to the line of the front. In such
cases, the surface position of the front does not move, and a
stationary front forms.

Occluded Fronts

When an active cold front overtakes a warm front,

an occluded front forms.
Severe weather types
Thunderstorms Features
Cumulonimbus clouds
Heavy rainfall
Lightning
Occasional hail
• Occurrence
• 2,000 in progress at any one time
• 100,000 per year in the United States
• Most frequent in Florida and eastern Gulf Coast region
Stages in the development
of a thunderstorm
 Tornadoes
 Local storm of short duration

Features
• Violent windstorm
• Rotating column of air that extends down from a
cumulonimbus cloud
• Low pressure inside causes the air to rush into the tornado
• Winds approach 480 km (300 miles) per hour
• Smaller suction vortices can form inside stronger
tornadoes
Tornado Intensity
Because tornado winds cannot
be measured directly, a rating on
the Fujita scale is determined by
assessing the worst damage
produced by the storm.
Tornado Safety
 Tornado watches alert people to the
possibility of tornadoes in a specified
area for a particular time.

 A tornado warning is issued when a tornado

has actually been sighted in an area or is
indicated by weather radar.
 Hurricanes
 Most violent storms on Earth
To be called a hurricane
 Wind speed in excess of 119 kilometers (74
miles) per hour
 Rotary cyclonic circulation
Profile
Form between the latitudes of 5 degrees and 20
degrees
Tornadoes Known as

 Typhoons in the western Pacific

 Cyclones in the Indian Ocean
(North Pacific has the greatest number per year)

Parts of a hurricane
Eyewall
 Near the center
 Rising air
 Intense convective activity
Hurricane Intensity
The intensity of a hurricane is
described using the Saffir-
Simpson scale.
Severe weather occurs when
unstable air is forced up
 Severe weather is seasonal
– Frontal wedging between cP and mT
(Spring)
– Warm ocean waters (Summer and Fall)
– Isolated T-Storms (localized convective
lifting in summer)
– Lake-effect snow (cP moves over water)
 Thanks!
Any questions?